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Streptomyces isolates have yielded the majority of human, animal, and agricultural antibiotics, as well as a number of fundamental chemotherapy medicines. Streptomyces is the largest antibiotic -producing genus of Actinomycetota , producing chemotherapy, antibacterial, antifungal , antiparasitic drugs, and immunosuppressants . [ 1 ]
Of these, streptomycin and neomycin found extensive application in the treatment of numerous infectious diseases. Streptomycin was the first antibiotic cure for tuberculosis (TB). In 1952 Waksman was the recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in recognition "for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic active against ...
Topical use is also one of the treatment options for some skin conditions including acne and cellulitis. [40] Advantages of topical application include achieving high and sustained concentration of antibiotic at the site of infection; reducing the potential for systemic absorption and toxicity, and total volumes of antibiotic required are ...
Streptomyces is the largest genus of Actinomycetota, and the type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae. [3] Over 700 species of Streptomyces bacteria have been described. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] As with the other Actinomycetota, streptomycetes are gram-positive , and have very large genomes with high GC content .
Actinomycetes are Gram-positive bacteria that resemble fungi in structure with a complex branched network of cells called a mycelium.Isolates of Streptomyces lavendulae from different soils around the world vary morphologically and physiologically, with some strains producing straight aerial mycelium, while other isolates form spiral mycelium. [6]
The treatment of choice is penicillin, and the duration of treatment is around 10 days. [23] Antibiotic therapy (using injected penicillin) has been shown to reduce the risk of acute rheumatic fever. [24] In individuals with a penicillin allergy, erythromycin, other macrolides, and cephalosporins have been shown to be effective treatments. [25]
Streptomyces antibioticus is known to be an aerobic microorganism that resides in soil communities. [3] S. antibioticus has been demonstrated to grow in temperatures ranging from 28–37 °C. [ 2 ] As an Actinomycete, this microbe is inferred to behave as a mesophile in laboratory settings, having an optimum growth temperature between 25–30 ...
Actinomycosis infections are typically polymicrobial, containing additional bacterial species; as Actinomyces itself has little invasive ability, these other species often aid in the infection process.