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The Penrose method (or square-root method) is a method devised in 1946 by Professor Lionel Penrose [1] for allocating the voting weights of delegations (possibly a single representative) in decision-making bodies proportional to the square root of the population represented by this delegation.
With n = 2, the underestimate is about 25%, but for n = 6, the underestimate is only 5%. Gurland and Tripathi (1971) provide a correction and equation for this effect. [ 4 ] Sokal and Rohlf (1981) give an equation of the correction factor for small samples of n < 20. [ 5 ]
Finding the square root of this variance will give the standard deviation of the investment tool in question. Financial time series are known to be non-stationary series, whereas the statistical calculations above, such as standard deviation, apply only to stationary series.
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Definitions of the poverty line vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations. Even among rich nations, the standards differ greatly. Thus, the numbers are not comparable among countries. Even when nations do use the same method, some issues may remain. [10]
Hokkaido (Japanese: 北海道, Hepburn: Hokkaidō, pronounced [hokkaꜜidoː] ⓘ, lit. ' Northern Sea Circuit; Ainu: Ainu Moshiri ') [2] is the second-largest island of Japan and comprises the largest and northernmost prefecture, making up its own region. [3]
30 by 30 (or 30x30) is a worldwide initiative for governments to designate 30% of Earth's land and ocean area as protected areas by 2030. [1] [2] The target was proposed by a 2019 article in Science Advances, "A Global Deal for Nature: Guiding principles, milestones, and targets", highlighting the need for expanded nature conservation efforts to mitigate climate change.
From January 2008 to December 2012, if you bought shares in companies when Walter Scott Jr. joined the board, and sold them when he left, you would have a -5.6 percent return on your investment, compared to a -2.8 percent return from the S&P 500.