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The term antonym (and the related antonymy) is commonly taken to be synonymous with opposite, but antonym also has other more restricted meanings. Graded (or gradable) antonyms are word pairs whose meanings are opposite and which lie on a continuous spectrum (hot, cold).
A specialized dictionary is a dictionary that covers a relatively restricted set of phenomena. The definitive book on the subject (Cowie 2009) includes chapters on some of the dictionaries included below: synonyms; pronunciations; names (place names and personal names) phrases and idioms; dialect terms; slang; quotations; etymologies; rhymes ...
A thesaurus (pl.: thesauri or thesauruses), sometimes called a synonym dictionary or dictionary of synonyms, is a reference work which arranges words by their meanings (or in simpler terms, a book where one can find different words with similar meanings to other words), [1] [2] sometimes as a hierarchy of broader and narrower terms, sometimes simply as lists of synonyms and antonyms.
An unpaired word is one that, according to the usual rules of the language, would appear to have a related word but does not. [1] Such words usually have a prefix or suffix that would imply that there is an antonym, with the prefix or suffix being absent or opposite.
Defining vocabulary – List of words used by lexicographers to write dictionary definitions; IMS Vocabulary Definition Exchange – Mark-up language – or grammar – for controlled vocabularies developed by IMS Global; Named-entity recognition – Extraction of named entity mentions in unstructured text into pre-defined categories
Sometimes the Germanic term has become rare, or restricted to special meanings: tide, time/temporal, chronic. [13] Many bound morphemes in English are borrowed from Latin and Greek and are synonyms for native words or morphemes: fish, pisci-(L), ichthy-(Gk). Another source of synonyms is coinages, which may be motivated by linguistic purism.
In linguistic morphology, collocational restriction is the way some words have special meanings in specific two-word phrases. For example the adjective "dry" only means "not sweet" in combination with the noun "wine". Such phrases are often considered idiomatic.
In linguistics, converses or relational antonyms are pairs of words that refer to a relationship from opposite points of view, such as parent/child or borrow/lend. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The relationship between such words is called a converse relation . [ 2 ]