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However, under Genghis's successor Ögedei, several building projects were undertaken in the Mongol capital of Karakorum. Along with palaces, Ogedei built houses of worship for the Buddhist, Muslim, Christian, and Taoist followers. The dominant religions at that time were Tengrism and Buddhism, although Ögedei's wife was a Christian. [4]
[11]: 12 Buddhist monkhood played significant political roles in Central and Southeast Asia, and the sangha in Mongolia was no exception. The activities of the Mongols were conducive to the prominency of the Sakya school and then the Gelug, and to the further development of Tibeto-Mongolian culture. [12]
Hinduism in Mongolia is a minority religion; it has few followers and only began to appear in Mongolia in the late twentieth century. [1] According to the 2010 and 2011 Mongolian census, the majority of people that identify as religious follow Buddhism (86%), Shamanism (4.7), Islam (4.9%) or Christianity (3.5).
The Mongols returned to indigenous shamanic traditions after the collapse of the Mongol Empire, but Buddhism reemerged in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. During the communist Mongolian People's Republic (1924–1992), Buddhism was suppressed with an estimated 17,000 monks being killed under the regime, official figures show. [ 3 ]
Buddhist monks were persecuted in Mongolia during communist rule up until revolutionary democratization in 1990. [228] Khorloogiin Choibalsan declared 17,000 of the monks to be enemies of the state and deported them to Siberian labor camps, where many perished. Almost all of Mongolia's over 700 Buddhist monasteries were looted or destroyed. [229]
Buddhism in Mongolia began with the Yuan emperors' conversion to and dissemination of Tibetan Buddhism. After collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty in 1368, the Yuan court retreated to the Mongolian Plateau, marking the start of the Northern Yuan dynasty (1368–1635). The Mongols returned to their earlier patterns of internal strife and ...
The Mongol Empire, founded by Genghis Khan, was the “largest contiguous empire in the world, uniting Chinese, Islamic, Iranian, Central Asian, and nomadic cultures within an overarching Mongol ...
In the 17th century the Gelug sect became dominant in Mongolian Buddhism. [5] It was during the Manchu Qing dynasty that Buddhism among the Mongols reached its peak. [5] With the state's support, it was in this period that most of the Mongolian Buddhist monasteries and institutes were constructed. [5]