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Occupational segregation is the distribution of workers across and within occupations, based upon demographic characteristics, most often gender. [1] Other types of occupational segregation include racial and ethnicity segregation, and sexual orientation segregation.
The Duncan Segregation Index is a measure of occupational segregation based on gender that measures whether there is a larger than expected presence of one gender over another in a given occupation or labor force by identifying the percentage of employed women (or men) who would have to change occupations for the occupational distribution of men and women to be equal.
The greater the segregation in a workplace, the greater the occupational inequality. [11] This is true specifically for jobs dominated by a certain minority or women. [ 11 ] They often have bad work environments and less income than white males who usually make up the managerial positions with better work environments and more pay.
Gender-based occupational segregation is a prominent issue in US politics and government at all levels, including local, state, and national. This issue impacts democracy because a society cannot claim to have achieved gender equality and democratic legitimacy if women and men do not feel that they have equal opportunities to pursue their ...
According to the model, outcome of the occupational segregation is wage differentials between the two genders. The reasons for segregation may be socialization, individual decisions, or labor market discrimination. [29] Wage differentials occur when the job opportunities or demand for the female-dominated sector is less than the supply of women ...
However, the other 38% of the wage gap is mostly attributed to discrimination and biases against minority women. Occupational segregation has played a big part in driving minority women towards low-wage jobs such as service jobs like being cashiers, care jobs such as nursing assistants, and domestic work as maids and housekeepers. [42]
Occupational apartheid is the concept in occupational therapy that different individuals, groups and communities can be deprived of meaningful and purposeful activity through segregation due to social, political, economical factors and for social status reasons.
Occupational segregation, the distribution of people based upon demographic characteristics, most often gender, both across and within occupations and jobs; Age segregation, separation of people based on their age and may be observed in many aspects of some societies; Health segregation - see quarantine and isolation (health care)