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Radius of curvature and center of curvature. In differential geometry, the radius of curvature, R, is the reciprocal of the curvature. For a curve, it equals the radius of the circular arc which best approximates the curve at that point. For surfaces, the radius of curvature is the radius of a circle that best fits a normal section or ...
The center and radius of the osculating circle at a given point are called center of curvature and radius of curvature of the curve at that point. A geometric construction was described by Isaac Newton in his Principia:
Radius of curvature, the reciprocal of the curvature in differential geometry Minimum railway curve radius , the shortest allowable design radius for the centerline of railway tracks Topics referred to by the same term
The curvature is the reciprocal of radius of curvature. That is, the curvature is =, where R is the radius of curvature [5] (the whole circle has this curvature, it can be read as turn 2π over the length 2π R). This definition is difficult to manipulate and to express in formulas.
The reciprocal of the curvature is called the radius of curvature. A circle with radius r has a constant curvature of κ ( t ) = 1 r {\displaystyle \kappa (t)={\frac {1}{r}}} whereas a line has a curvature of 0.
It can be calculated from the beam's vacuum wavelength λ 0, the radius of curvature R of the phase front, the index of refraction n (n=1 for air), and the beam radius w (defined at 1/e 2 intensity), according to: [1]
Animation depicting evolution of a Cornu spiral with the tangential circle with the same radius of curvature as at its tip, also known as an osculating circle.. To travel along a circular path, an object needs to be subject to a centripetal acceleration (for example: the Moon circles around the Earth because of gravity; a car turns its front wheels inward to generate a centripetal force).
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