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A stimulant is an overarching term that covers many drugs including those that increase the activity of the central nervous system and the body, [1] drugs that are pleasurable and invigorating, or drugs that have sympathomimetic effects. [2] Sympathomimetic effects are those effects that mimic or copy the actions of the sympathetic nervous ...
With advances in technology and our understanding of the nervous system, the development of drugs will continue with increasing drug sensitivity and specificity. Structure–activity relationships are a major area of research within neuropharmacology; an attempt to modify the effect or the potency (i.e., activity) of bioactive chemical ...
The mechanisms of sympathomimetic drugs can be direct-acting (direct interaction between drug and receptor), such as α-adrenergic agonists, β-adrenergic agonists, and dopaminergic agonists; or indirect-acting (interaction not between drug and receptor), such as MAOIs, COMT inhibitors, release stimulants, and reuptake inhibitors that increase the levels of endogenous catecholamines.
The adrenergic receptors or adrenoceptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of many catecholamines like norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) produced by the body, but also many medications like beta blockers, beta-2 (β 2) antagonists and alpha-2 (α 2) agonists, which are used to treat high ...
The action of drugs on the human body (or any other organism's body) is called pharmacodynamics, and the body's response to drugs is called pharmacokinetics. The drugs that enter an individual tend to stimulate certain receptors, ion channels, act on enzymes or transport proteins. As a result, they cause the human body to react in a specific way.
An adrenergic agonist is a drug that stimulates a response from the adrenergic receptors.The five main categories of adrenergic receptors are: α 1, α 2, β 1, β 2, and β 3, although there are more subtypes, and agonists vary in specificity between these receptors, and may be classified respectively.
Bethanechol is a muscarinic agonist.It is included in the therapy for underactive bladder with poor contraction of detrusor muscle. [2] Since contraction of detrusor muscle in the bladder is controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system, Bethanechol can bind to muscarinic receptors to stimulate activation of the parasympathetic nervous system and restore contraction of detrusor muscle.
Pramipexole is a highly active non-ergot D 2-like receptor agonist with a higher binding affinity to D 3 receptors rather than D 2 or D 4 receptors. The mechanism of action of pramipexole is mostly unknown, it is thought to be involved in the activation of dopamine receptors in the area of the brain where the striatum and the substantia nigra ...