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The evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes occurs in several stages of growth and decline. The fifteen volcanoes that make up the eight principal islands of Hawaii are the youngest in a chain of more than 129 volcanoes that stretch 5,800 kilometers (3,600 mi) across the North Pacific Ocean , called the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain . [ 1 ]
The Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain is a series of volcanoes and seamounts extending about 6,200 km (3,900 mi) across the Pacific Ocean. [ n 1 ] The chain was produced by the movement of the ocean crust over the Hawaiʻi hotspot , an upwelling of hot rock from the Earth's mantle .
The bulk of the volcanism of a Hawaiian volcano is made up by the shield stage during which tholeiitic lavas are erupted. [20] This stage is after between 250,000 – 2,500,000 years followed by a "post-erosional" or "rejuvenated" stage during which lavas of alkali basalt, melilitite and nephelinite composition; such volcanism has been observed on Koolau, Kauai and Niihau [2] and covers large ...
The ʻAilāʻau eruption is a prehistoric eruption of Kīlauea volcano on the island of Hawaiʻi in the Hawaiian Islands. Carbon 14 dated from approximately 1410 to 1470 with an eruptive volume of 5.2 ± 0.8 km 3 and fed by lava tubes near Kīlauea Iki crater, it was among the last of a series of highly voluminous lava flows since about 1290 that blanketed vast swaths of what is now Hawaii ...
There are 15 volcanoes across Hawaii’s eight main islands, according to the U.S. Geological Survey. Kilauea and Mauna Loa are located in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the Big Island of Hawaii.
A Hawaiian eruption is a type of volcanic eruption where lava flows from the vent in a relatively gentle, low level eruption; it is so named because it is characteristic of Hawaiian volcanoes. Typically they are effusive eruptions , with basaltic magmas of low viscosity , low content of gases, and high temperature at the vent.
The main shield-building stage of volcanism ended about 470,000 years ago. The summit of the shield volcano was once 800 feet (250 m) above sea level, but subsided below sea level between 435,000 and 365,000 years ago. [1] Māhukona is the oldest volcano to build Hawaiʻi island, older than Kohala and Mauna Kea. [2]
The volcano, Hawaii's second largest next to neighbor Mauna Loa, started erupting through four scratch-like fissures about 12:30 a.m. in an area 2.5 miles southwest of its caldera, the U.S ...