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Julius Caesar is seen as the main example of Caesarism, a form of political rule led by a charismatic strongman whose rule is based upon a cult of personality, whose rationale is the need to rule by force, establishing a violent social order, and being a regime involving prominence of the military in the government. [292]
The phrase "crossing the Rubicon" is an idiom that means "passing a point of no return". [1]Its meaning comes from allusion to the crossing of the river Rubicon from the north by Julius Caesar in early January 49 BC.
Brutus and the Ghost of Caesar (1802), copperplate engraving by Edward Scriven from a painting by Richard Westall, illustrating Act IV, Scene III, from Shakespeare's Julius Caesar. Out of all the conspirators, only about twenty of their names are known. Nothing is known about some of those whose names have survived. [81]
Julius Caesar described the Gallic Wars in his book Commentarii de Bello Gallico. It is the primary source for the conflict, but modern historians consider it propaganda and prone to exaggeration. Caesar makes impossible claims about the number of Gauls killed (over a million), while claiming almost zero Roman casualties.
Julius Caesar was awarded the Civic Crown for his service in Siege of Mytilene. Gaius Julius Caesar was born into an influential patrician family, the gens Julia. His father, Gaius Julius Caesar, was the governor of the province of Asia, and his mother, Aurelia, came from an influential family who were supporters of Sulla.
Caesar's civil war (49–45 BC) was a civil war during the late Roman Republic between two factions led by Gaius Julius Caesar and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey). The main cause of the war was political tensions relating to Caesar's place in the republic on his expected return to Rome on the expiration of his governorship in Gaul.
During a term as praetor in Iberia, Pompey's contemporary Julius Caesar of the Roman Julii clan defeated the Calaici and Lusitani in battle. [201] Following a consular term, he was then appointed to a five-year term as Proconsular Governor of Transalpine Gaul (current southern France) and Illyria (the coast of Dalmatia).
Julius Caesar began his military service during the siege after his pardon by Sulla during the proscriptions of 82 BC. [3] It was during the siege that Caesar was awarded the Civic Crown, a considerable honour in the Roman military, which is a title awarded to a Roman soldier who saves the life of a fellow citizen.