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Controls for the reclosers range from the original electromechanical systems to digital electronics with metering and SCADA functions. The ratings of reclosers run from 2.4–38 kV for load currents from 10–1200 A and fault currents from 1–16 kA. [7] [8] On a 3-phase circuit, a recloser is more beneficial than three separate fuse cutouts.
While the recloser does in fact help to break up distribution circuits into smaller, more manageable pieces, many protection schemes involving circuit breakers in distribution substations also apply reclosing to some extent, thus not "blacking out" the circuit and requiring a crew go to the station and reset a lockout.
A 115 kV to 41.6/12.47 kV 5 MVA 60 Hz substation with circuit switcher, regulators, reclosers and control building at Warren, Minnesota. It shows elements of low-profile construction, with apparatus mounted on individual columns. A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system.
In an electric power transmission grid system, switchyard reactors are large inductors installed at substations to help stabilize the power system.. For transmission lines, the space between the overhead line and the ground forms a capacitor parallel to transmission line, which causes an increase in voltage as the distance increases.
Most IEDs have a communication port and built-in support for standard communication protocols (DNP3, IEC104 or IEC61850), so they can communicate directly with the SCADA system or a substation programmable logic controller. Alternatively, they can be connected to a substation RTU that acts as a gateway towards the SCADA server.
Reclosers are commonly used to divide up the grid into smaller sections that will automatically, and quickly, re-energize the branch as soon as the fault condition (a tree branch on lines for instance) clears. There is some concern that the reclosers may not re-energize in the case of an island or that an intervening loss of synchrony might ...
An HVDC converter station (or simply converter station) is a specialised type of substation which forms the terminal equipment for a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission line. [1] It converts direct current to alternating current or the reverse. In addition to the converter, the station usually contains:
Substation: This is the part dealing with the different entities of a substation including various devices, interconnections and other functionalities. The elements include power transformers, Voltage Levels, bays, General Equipment, conducting equipment like breakers.