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2. Monopole antenna - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopole_antenna

   The monopole antenna was invented in 1895 and patented in 1896 [7] by radio pioneer Guglielmo Marconi during his historic first experiments in radio communication. He began by using dipole antennas invented by Heinrich Hertz consisting of two identical horizontal wires ending in metal plates.

3. Whip antenna - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whip_antenna

   A whip antenna is an antenna consisting of a straight flexible wire or rod. The bottom end of the whip is connected to the radio receiver or transmitter. A whip antenna is a form of monopole antenna. The antenna is designed to be flexible so that it does not break easily, and the name is derived from the whip-like motion that it exhibits when ...

4. Folded unipole antenna - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folded_unipole_antenna

   The folded unipole antenna is a type of monopole mast radiator antenna used as a transmitting antenna mainly in the medium wave band for AM radio broadcasting stations. It consists of a vertical metal rod or mast mounted over and connected at its base to a grounding system consisting of buried wires.

5. Antenna types - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antenna_types

   Large vertical monopole antennas are used for broadcasting in the lower half of the HF band, and all of the MF, LF, and VLF bands. Small monopoles ("whips") are used as compact, but low-gain antennas on portable radios in the HF, VHF, and UHF bands. Whip

6. Dipole antenna - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipole_antenna

   A ⁠ 1 / 4 ⁠ λ monopole antenna and its ground image together form a ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ λ dipole that radiates only in the upper half of space. The vertical, Marconi, or monopole antenna is a single-element antenna usually fed at the bottom (with the shield side of its unbalanced transmission line connected to ground). It behaves essentially ...

7. Counterpoise (ground system) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterpoise_(ground_system)

   Counterpoises are typically used in antenna systems for radio transmitters where a good earth ground connection cannot be constructed.. Monopole antennas used at low frequencies, below 3 MHz, such as the mast radiator antennas used for AM broadcasting, require the radio transmitter to be electrically connected to the Earth under the antenna; this is called a ground (or earth).