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Benign neonatal seizures are not classified as epilepsy and the seizures usually resolve after 1–4 months. [30] A benign familial neonatal seizure onsets as early as 3 days of birth and may involve one or both sides of the brain. Recurrent seizure episodes are observed to occur in neonates.
Because epileptic seizures typically include convulsions, the term convulsion is often used as a synonym for seizure. [1] However, not all epileptic seizures result in convulsions, and not all convulsions are caused by epileptic seizures. [1] [2] Non-epileptic convulsions have no relation with epilepsy, and are caused by non-epileptic seizures. [1]
A seizure is a sudden change in behavior, movement or consciousness due to abnormal electrical activity in the brain. [3] [6] Seizures can look different in different people.. It can be uncontrolled shaking of the whole body (tonic-clonic seizures) or a person spacing out for a few seconds (absence seizure
Post-traumatic seizures (PTS) are seizures that result from traumatic brain injury (TBI), brain damage caused by physical trauma.PTS may be a risk factor for post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE), but a person having a seizure or seizures due to traumatic brain injury does not necessarily have PTE, which is a form of epilepsy, a chronic condition in which seizures occur repeatedly.
A person with PTE experiences repeated post-traumatic seizures (PTS, seizures that result from TBI) more than a week after the initial injury. [2] PTE is estimated to constitute 5% of all cases of epilepsy and over 20% of cases of acquired epilepsy [3] [4] [1] (in which seizures are caused by an identifiable organic brain condition). [5]
[3] The epileptic seizure in the vast majority of pediatric epilepsy patients is ephemeral, and symptoms typically subside on their own after the seizure comes to an end, but some children experience what is known as a “seizure cluster," in which the first seizure is followed by a second episode approximately six hours later.
A severe head injury, such as one sustained in a motor vehicle accident, fall, assault, or sports injury, can result in one or more seizures that can occur immediately after the fact or up to a significant amount of time later. [34] This could be hours, days, or even years following the injury.
Seizures may also occur as a consequence of other health problems; [30] if they occur right around a specific cause, such as a stroke, head injury, toxic ingestion, or metabolic problem, they are known as acute symptomatic seizures and are in the broader classification of seizure-related disorders rather than epilepsy itself.