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The pileated woodpecker (/ ˈ p aɪ l i eɪ t ə d, ˈ p ɪ l-/ PY-lee-ay-tid, PIL-ee-; Dryocopus pileatus) is a large, mostly black woodpecker native to North America. An insectivore , it inhabits deciduous forests in eastern North America, the Great Lakes , the boreal forests of Canada , and parts of the Pacific Coast .
The largest surviving species is the great slaty woodpecker, which weighs 430 g (15 oz) on average and up to 563 g (19.9 oz), and measures 45 to 55 cm (18 to 22 in), but the extinct imperial woodpecker, at 55 to 61 cm (22 to 24 in), and ivory-billed woodpecker, around 48 to 53 cm (19 to 21 in) and 516 g (18.2 oz), were probably both larger.
The genus forms part of the woodpecker subfamily Picinae and has a sister relationship to the genus Mulleripicus whose species are found in South and Southeast Asia. The genus Dryocopus is a member of the tribe Picini and belongs to a clade that contains five genera: Colaptes , Piculus , Mulleripicus , Dryocopus and Celeus .
The pileated woodpecker normally is brownish-black, smoky, or slaty black. It also has a white neck stripe, but normally its back is black. Pileated woodpecker juveniles and adults have a red crest and a white chin. Usually, pileated woodpeckers have no white on the trailing edges of their wings and show only a small patch of white on each side ...
An exception are a few species of three-toed woodpeckers. The jacamars aside, Piciformes do not have down feathers at any age, only true feathers. They range in size from the rufous piculet at 8 centimetres in length, and weighing 7 grams, to the toco toucan , at 63 centimetres long, and weighing 680 grams. [ 1 ]
The acorn woodpecker (Melanerpes formicivorus) is a medium-sized woodpecker with a length of around 20 cm (8 in), [2] and an average weight of 85 g (3.0 oz). [ citation needed ] It is found across Central America , as well as North into the western United States and South into parts of Colombia .
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The North American Classification Committee of the American Ornithological Society concurs for the lineated and pileated woodpeckers, the only two of the six that occur in Central and North America. [8] [9] [10] However, BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) places the pileated and several others in the genus ...