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  2. Lettres provinciales - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettres_provinciales

    In the letters, Pascal's tone combines the fervor of a convert with the wit and polish of a man of the world. Their style meant that, quite apart from their religious influence, the Provincial Letters were popular as a literary work. Adding to that popularity was Pascal's use of humor, mockery, and satire in his arguments.

  3. Problem of points - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problem_of_points

    The problem of points, also called the problem of division of the stakes, is a classical problem in probability theory.One of the famous problems that motivated the beginnings of modern probability theory in the 17th century, it led Blaise Pascal to the first explicit reasoning about what today is known as an expected value.

  4. 1640 in science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1640_in_science

    The 16-year-old Blaise Pascal demonstrates the properties of the hexagrammum mysticum in his Essai pour les coniques which he sends to Mersenne.; October 18 – Fermat states his "little theorem" in a letter to Frénicle de Bessy: if p is a prime number, then for any integer a, a p − a will be divisible by p.

  5. Blaise Pascal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaise_Pascal

    Pascal's use of humor, mockery, and vicious satire in his arguments made the letters ripe for public consumption, and influenced the prose of later French writers like Voltaire and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. It is in the Provincial Letters that Pascal made his oft-quoted apology for writing a long letter, as he had not had time to write a shorter ...

  6. Hockey-stick identity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey-stick_identity

    Pascal's triangle, rows 0 through 7. The hockey stick identity confirms, for example: for n =6, r =2: 1+3+6+10+15=35. In combinatorics , the hockey-stick identity , [ 1 ] Christmas stocking identity , [ 2 ] boomerang identity , Fermat's identity or Chu's Theorem , [ 3 ] states that if n ≥ r ≥ 0 {\displaystyle n\geq r\geq 0} are integers, then

  7. Proof of Fermat's Last Theorem for specific exponents

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_of_Fermat's_Last...

    Fermat sent the letters in which he mentioned the case in which n = 3 in 1636, 1640 and 1657. [31] Euler sent a letter to Goldbach on 4 August 1753 in which claimed to have a proof of the case in which n = 3. [32] Euler had a complete and pure elementary proof in 1760, but the result was not published. [33] Later, Euler's proof for n = 3 was ...

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  9. Expected value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expected_value

    Pascal, being a mathematician, was provoked and determined to solve the problem once and for all. He began to discuss the problem in the famous series of letters to Pierre de Fermat . Soon enough, they both independently came up with a solution.