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A pace is a unit of length consisting either of one normal walking step (approximately 0.75 metres or 30 inches), or of a double step, returning to the same foot (approximately 1.5 metres or 60 inches).
The cooper test which was designed by Kenneth H. Cooper in 1968 for US military use is a physical fitness test. [1] [2] [3] In its original form, the point of the test is to run as far as possible within 12 minutes.
Notes: The distance between the "start" and "turn around" markers is usually 20m; however, the test can also be carried out using a 15m track. Shuttle completion times are modified in proportion. Leger specified a 1-minute protocol: that is, each level was meant to last approximately 1 minute.
In a study conducted in year 2004, the gait patterns of distance runners, sprinters, and non-runners was measured using video recording. Each group ran a 60-meter run at 5.81 m/s (to represent distance running) and at maximal running speed.
One of the results of this was the Cooper test in which the distance covered running in 12 minutes is measured. [12] Based on the measured distance, an estimate of V̇O 2 max [in mL/(kg·min)] can be calculated by inverting the linear regression equation, giving us:
In terms of judging a person's speed, the best method of timing is through lasers which start and stop the times when passed through. A laser start (from a stationary position) is more accurate for measuring pure speed as it does not register a runner's reaction time, however, this method of timing a 40-yard dash can affect the accuracy by as much as 0.5 seconds with the manual stopwatch method.
Both methods require the user to know the relationship between the paces walked, and the distance traveled. [3] There are two main ways to use the beads. One is to represent the distance a person has walked, and the other is to represent the distance they need to walk. In the latter, beads may be used to count down the distance to a destination.
The informal distance of 150 metres (164.042 yards) can be used to work on a 100 m runner's stamina, or a 200 m runner's speed, and has been used as an exhibition distance. The distance was used in a race between the 1996 Olympic champions, the 100 m gold medalist Donovan Bailey (Canada) and the 200 m gold medalist Michael Johnson (USA).
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