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The First Epistle of John stands out from the others due to its form, but they're united by language, style, contents, themes, and worldview. [9] The Second and Third Epistles of John are composed as regular greco-roman letters, with greetings and endings, while the First Epistle of John lacks such characteristic markings and instead resembles a sermon or an exhoratory speech.
Johannine literature is the collection of New Testament works that are traditionally attributed to John the Apostle, John the Evangelist, or to the Johannine community. [1] They are usually dated to the period c. AD 60–110 , with a minority of scholars, including Anglican bishop John Robinson , offering the earliest of these datings.
The language of 3 John echoes that of the Gospel of John, which is conventionally dated to around AD 90, so the epistle was likely written near the end of the first century. Others contest this view, such as the scholar John A. T. Robinson, who dates 3 John to c. AD 60–65. [3] The location of writing is unknown, but tradition places it in Ephesus
The first supposed witness to Johannine theology among the Fathers of the Church is in Ignatius of Antioch, whose Letter to the Philippians some claim references John 3:8 [13] and alludes to John 10:7-9 [14] and John 14:6, [15] but none of these are direct quotations or contain information exclusive to John.
First Epistle of John in Codex Alexandrinus, 5th century. By the end of the 20th century, the theological importance of the Holy Spirit in Johannine literature had been accepted by New Testament scholars, overshadowing the early 20th-century views that minimized its role in the writings of John.
The Gospel of John, like all the gospels, is anonymous. [14] John 21:22 [15] references a disciple whom Jesus loved and John 21:24–25 [16] says: "This is the disciple who is testifying to these things and has written them, and we know that his testimony is true". [11]
The transliterated title of the Greek manuscript is "Acts of the Holy Apostle and Evangelist John the Theologian", [1] with the subtitle "Of His Exile and His Passage". The name "Acts of John in Rome" is a modern title given by scholars to distinguish it from the Acts of John, since the major characteristic of these "Acts of John in Rome" differentiating it from the "Acts of John" is that most ...
It is not clear whether the other epistle in question is 2 John or 3 John. Another indication that the author identified the Gospel writer John with two epistles bearing John's name is that when he specifically addresses the epistles of John, he writes, "the Epistle of Jude indeed, and the two belonging to the above mentioned John.