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In physiology, an efference copy or efferent copy is an internal copy of an outflowing (), movement-producing signal generated by an organism's motor system. [1] It can be collated with the (reafferent) sensory input that results from the agent's movement, enabling a comparison of actual movement with desired movement, and a shielding of perception from particular self-induced effects on the ...
Ad and ex give an easy mnemonic device for remembering the relationship between afferent and efferent: afferent connection arrives and an efferent connection exits. [5] Afferent and efferent are connected to affect and effect through their common Latin roots: Afferent nerves affect the subject, whereas efferent nerves allow the subject to ...
A motor nerve, or efferent nerve, is a nerve that contains exclusively efferent nerve fibers and transmits motor signals from the central nervous system (CNS) to the muscles of the body. This is different from the motor neuron , which includes a cell body and branching of dendrites, while the nerve is made up of a bundle of axons.
The cerebellar peduncles are three paired bundles of fibres that connect the cerebellum to the brain stem. [1] Superior cerebellar peduncle is a paired structure of white matter that connects the cerebellum to the mid-brain. Middle cerebellar peduncles connect the cerebellum to the pons and are composed entirely of centripetal fibers.
The human cerebellum is located at the base of the brain, with the large mass of the cerebrum above it, and the portion of the brainstem called the pons in front of it. It is separated from the overlying cerebrum by a layer of tough dura mater called the cerebellar tentorium; all of its connections with other parts of the brain travel through the pons.
The cerebellar network contains a large number of connections between Golgi cells. [5] The main synapse made by these cells is a synapse onto the mossy fibre–granule cell excitatory synapse in a glomerulus. The glomerulus is made up of the mossy fibre terminal, granule cell dendrites, and the Golgi terminal, and is enclosed by a glial coat. [3]
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These afferent connections have been proven to project not only ipsilaterally, but also to decussate and project to the contralateral side of the vermis. It has also been shown that the projections from the pontine tegmentum to the cerebellar lobes are only crossed fibers. The reticulotegmental nucleus also receives efferent axons from the ...