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There are differences of opinion on whether current interpretation of enumerated powers as exercised by Congress is constitutionally sound. One school of thought is called strict constructionism. Strict constructionists refer to a statement on the enumerated powers by Chief Justice Marshall in the case McCulloch v. Maryland: [4]
Many of the decommissioned weapons were simply stored or partially dismantled, not destroyed. [ 13 ] Additionally, since the dawn of the Atomic Age , the delivery methods of most states with nuclear weapons have evolved—with four acquiring a nuclear triad , while others have consolidated away from land and air deterrents to submarine-based ...
Among the powers specifically given to Congress in Article I Section 8, are the following: 1. To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;
One of these powers is called the express powers. These powers are expressly given, in the Constitution, to each branch of government. Another power is the implied powers. These powers are those that are necessary to perform expressed powers. There are also inherent and concurrent powers.
While there is no specific list of what these "reserved powers" may be, the Supreme Court has ruled that laws affecting family relations, commerce within a state's own borders, abortion, and local law enforcement activities, are among those specifically reserved to the states or the people. [152] [153]
Since the American Civil War, the powers of the federal government have generally expanded greatly, although there have been periods since that time of legislative branch dominance (e.g., the decades immediately following the Civil War) or when states' rights proponents have succeeded in limiting federal power through legislative action ...
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There have been charges that presidents acting under the doctrine of the unitary executive have assumed important legislative and budgetary powers that should belong to Congress. [100] So-called signing statements are one way in which a president can "tip the balance of power between Congress and the White House a little more in favor of the ...