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In C++03, the largest integer type is long int. It is guaranteed to have at least as many usable bits as int. This resulted in long int having size of 64 bits on some popular implementations and 32 bits on others. C++11 adds a new integer type long long int to address this issue.
The IEEE 754 standard [9] specifies a binary16 as having the following format: Sign bit: 1 bit; Exponent width: 5 bits; Significand precision: 11 bits (10 explicitly stored) The format is laid out as follows: The format is assumed to have an implicit lead bit with value 1 unless the exponent field is stored with all zeros.
A bit array (also known as bitmask, [1] bit map, bit set, bit string, or bit vector) is an array data structure that compactly stores bits. It can be used to implement a simple set data structure . A bit array is effective at exploiting bit-level parallelism in hardware to perform operations quickly.
The design of floating-point format allows various optimisations, resulting from the easy generation of a base-2 logarithm approximation from an integer view of the raw bit pattern. Integer arithmetic and bit-shifting can yield an approximation to reciprocal square root (fast inverse square root), commonly required in computer graphics.
The bfloat16 format, being a shortened IEEE 754 single-precision 32-bit float, allows for fast conversion to and from an IEEE 754 single-precision 32-bit float; in conversion to the bfloat16 format, the exponent bits are preserved while the significand field can be reduced by truncation (thus corresponding to round toward 0) or other rounding ...
The Intel Xeon Phi has a vector processing unit with 512-bit vector registers, each one holding sixteen 32-bit elements or eight 64-bit elements, and one instruction can operate on all these values in parallel. However, the Xeon Phi's vector processing unit does not operate on individual numbers that are 512 bits long.
On x86 and x86-64, the most common C/C++ compilers implement long double as either 80-bit extended precision (e.g. the GNU C Compiler gcc [13] and the Intel C++ Compiler with a /Qlong‑double switch [14]) or simply as being synonymous with double precision (e.g. Microsoft Visual C++ [15]), rather than as quadruple precision.
However, these processors do not operate on individual numbers that are 128 binary digits in length; only their vector registers have the size of 128 bits. The DEC VAX supported operations on 128-bit integer ('O' or octaword) and 128-bit floating-point ('H-float' or HFLOAT) datatypes. Support for such operations was an upgrade option rather ...