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Two techniques that jewelers used to incorporate gems, glass and other metals into jewelry were inlay and enameling. [34] The main difference between these methods is that inlay can refer to any material inserted into a design, whereas enamel refers specifically to pieces of a colored glass mixture put in place while melted. [35]
A very important advance in glass manufacture was the technique of adding lead oxide to the molten glass; this improved the appearance of the glass and made it easier to melt using sea-coal as a furnace fuel. This technique also increased the "working period" of the glass, making it easier to manipulate.
Glass making is the production of raw glass from the raw materials., [18] whilst glass working is the processing of raw glass or recycled glass to create new glass objects; this may take place in the same location as glass making or it can take place elsewhere.
An Italian jewelry casket, 1857, carved walnut, lined with red velvet. A casket [1] is a decorative box or container that is usually smaller than a chest and is typically decorated. In recent centuries they are often used as boxes for jewelry, but in earlier periods they were also used for keeping important documents and many other purposes. [2]
Glass makers were supposedly so skilled that they could fool the public into thinking that glass beads and ornaments were actually gemstones. [7] When genuine gems were utilized, the stones preferred by Roman women were amethyst, emerald, and pearl. [8] Pearls were rare and expensive and were used in Roman jewelry up until the end of the Republic.
Roman glass from the 2nd century Enamelled glass depicting a gladiator, found at Begram, Afghanistan, which was once part of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom, but was ruled by the Kushan Empire during the contemporaneous Roman Principate period, to which the glass belongs, 52–125 AD (although there is some scholarly debate about the precise dating).
In 1832, Jonathan the Seychelles giant tortoise (Aldabrachelys gigantea hololissa) was born. Although his exact birthdate is unknown, he has been given the official birthday of December 4, 1832.
Glass bead making has long traditions, with the oldest known beads dating over 3,000 years. [1] [2] Glass beads have been dated back to at least Roman times. Perhaps the earliest glass-like beads were Egyptian faience beads, a form of clay bead with a self-forming vitreous coating. Glass beads are significant in archaeology because the presence ...
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