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Jihad and Islam in World War I: studies on the Ottoman Jihad at the centenary of Snouck Hurgronje's "Holy war made in Germany". Debates on Islam and Society. Leiden University Press; Gaunt, David (2006). Massacres, Resistance, Protectors: Muslim-Christian Relations in Eastern Anatolia During World War I. Gorgias Press. pp. 62–64.
The first or the "classical" doctrine of jihad which was developed towards the end of the 8th century, emphasized the jihad of the sword (jihad bil-saif) rather than the "jihad of the heart", [48]: 72 but it contained many legal restrictions developed from interpretations of the Quran and the Hadith, such as detailed rules involving "the ...
Jihad and Islam in World War I: Studies on the Ottoman Jihad on the Centenary of Snouck Gurgronje's "Holy War Made in Germany" (PDF). Leiden University Press. ISBN 978-90-8728-239-4. Vasquez, John A. (2018). Contagion and War: Lessons from the First World War. Cambridge University Press.
In October 1914, Enver Pasha devised a war plan which included a jihad and an invasion of Egypt. On 14 November 1914, Sheikh-ul-Islam declared holy war, called on all Muslims to fight the Entente and allied powers , but not Italy (which was neutral at the time), and excluded Muslims under the rule of Germany or Austria-Hungary .
The first or the "classical" doctrine of jihad which was developed towards the end of the 8th century, emphasized the "jihad of the sword" (jihad bil-saif) rather than the "jihad of the heart", [102] but it contained many legal restrictions which were developed from interpretations of both the Quran and the Hadith, such as detailed rules ...
The First World War, Volume 1: To Arms. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-926191-1. Trumpener, Ulrich. (2003). "The Ottoman Empire" in Richard F. Hamilton and Holger H. Herweg, eds. The Origins of World War I pp 337-55; Trumpener, Ulrich (1962). "Turkey's Entry into World War I: An Assessment of Responsibilities". Journal of Modern ...
Meshaal told "scholars who teach jihad," or religious warfare, that "this is a moment to practice" what they preach. Specifically, he asked neighboring Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, and Egypt to ...
World War I [b] or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.