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A joint-stock company must be incorporated, has an independent legal personality and limited liability, and is required to have a certain capital upon incorporation. Ordinary joint-stock companies must have a minimum capital of NOK 30,000 upon incorporation, which was reduced from 100,000 in 2012.
S.A. (spółka akcyjna): ≈ joint-stock company, otherwise translated plc (UK). Minimum share capital zl 100,000 (approx. €25,000). P.S.A. (prosta spółka akcyjna) = simple joint-stock company, otherwise translated simple plc, a new company type 2021, actually a simplified version of the former type
A joint-stock company is a company owned by several, generally private, investors. They’re an in-between creation, held more closely than a public company but more widely traded than a partnership.
OAO and PAO are forms of open joint-stock companies, while ZAO (and AO) are closed joint-stock companies. [5] [6]The Federal Agency for State Property Management (Rosimushchestvo) is authorized by the Russian government to exercise shareholder rights for federally-owned shares in companies and is responsible for the preparation and nomination of candidates at the annual meetings of shareholders.
Apple Inc. is a public, joint-stock company registered with the SEC. As of December 31, 2018, it has 4,715,280,000 outstanding shares. These are mainly held by institutional investors and funds. [195] [196] [197] The top 16 institutional shareholders (and eight related, notable funds with over 25 million shares) [196] are: [195]
Then, in 1843, William Gladstone became the chairman of a Parliamentary Committee on Joint Stock Companies, which led to the Joint Stock Companies Act 1844, regarded as the first modern piece of company law. [20] The Act created the Registrar of Joint Stock Companies, empowered to register companies by a two-stage process. The first ...
The United East India Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie [vərˈeːnɪɣdə oːstˈɪndisə kɔmpɑˈɲi]; abbr. VOC [veː(j)oːˈseː]), commonly known as the Dutch East India Company, was a chartered trading company and one of the first joint-stock companies in the world.
An open joint-stock company (открытое акционерное общество, abbreviated "OJSC" in English, "ОАО" in Russian) is a legal entity where shares may be publicly traded without the permission of other shareholders. An OAO can distribute its shares to an unlimited number of shareholders and sell them without limitations.