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Arguably, the criticisms about range, accuracy, and lethality are related to the change in barrel length and twist between the M16 and M4. The earlier 5.56 rounds (the original M193) were optimized for a 20-inch (51 cm) barrel with a 1:12 twist. In 1980 STANAG 4172 defined the 5.56×45mm NATO chambering and its accompanying 1:7 twist rifling. [38]
The table below gives a list of firearms that can fire the 5.56×45mm NATO cartridge, first developed and used in the late 1970s for the M16 rifle, which to date, is the most widely produced weapon in this caliber. [1] Not all countries that use weapons chambered in this caliber are in NATO. This table is sortable for every column.
This upgrade is designed to maximize performance of the 5.56×45mm round, to extend range, improve accuracy, increase penetration and to consistently fragment in soft-tissue when fired from not only standard length M16s, but also the short-barreled M4 carbines. [157] [158] The U.S. Army has been impressed with the new M855A1 EPR round. [159]
The SEAL Recon Rifle (nicknamed the "Sniper M4" [2] and "Recce" [3]) is an American designated marksman rifle and assault rifle used by the United States Navy SEALs.Essentially a heavily modified M16 rifle, it is intended to provide SEAL snipers and designated marksmen with a versatile, accurate, lightweight, and relatively compact weapon chambered in 5.56×45mm NATO.
The AR-15 rifle usually comes chambered for either the military cartridge 5.56×45mm or the .223 Remington. Because of the pressures associated with the 5.56×45mm, it is not advisable to fire 5.56×45mm rounds in an AR-15 marked as .223 Remington, since this can result in damage to the rifle or injury to the shooter. [ 1 ]
The Steyr ACR was a prototype flechette-firing assault rifle built for the US Army's Advanced Combat Rifle program of 1989/90. Although the Steyr design proved effective, as did most of the weapons submitted, the entire ACR program ended with none of the entrants achieving performance 100% better than the M16A2, the baseline for a successful ACR weapon.
In 2012, S&T Motiv introduced the K2C, or K2 Carbine. It has a shortened 310 mm (12 in) barrel with adjusted gas piston, upper receiver/handguard Picatinny rail, and right side-folding M4-style retractable stock; [9] it weighs 3.3 kg (7.3 lb), is 880 mm (35 in) long with stock extended and 630 mm (25 in) with stock folded. [5]
The Haenel MK 556 [2] (German: Maschinenkarabiner) [3] is a gas-operated selective-fire 5.56×45mm NATO assault rifle designed by German company C.G. Haenel.The MK556 was finalised in September 2020, and it is a fully automatic version of an earlier Haenel design, the CR 223, which was already in limited use by law enforcement agencies since 2017. [4]