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The following are the 25 longest-reigning monarchs of states who were internationally recognised as sovereign for most or all of their reign. Byzantine emperors Constantine VIII and Basil II, reigning for 66 years in total (962–1028) and for 65 years in total (960–1025) respectively, are not included, because for part of those periods they reigned only nominally as junior co-emperors ...
Although the Zhou dynasty lasted longer than any other dynasty in Chinese history, the actual political and military control of China by the dynasty, surnamed Ji (Chinese: 姬), lasted only until 771 BC, a period known as the Western Zhou. This period of Chinese history produced what many consider the zenith of Chinese bronze-ware making
The British Empire (red) and Mongol Empire (blue) were the largest and second-largest empires in history, respectively. The precise extent of either empire at its greatest territorial expansion is a matter of debate among scholars.
("ideal universal ruler") Samrat ("proper ruler") List of Mauryan emperors: Imperial China: 221 BC–1912 皇帝, pronounced Huángdì ("Godly ruler") List of Chinese emperors: Chola Empire: 848–1279 Chakravartigal [1] ("ideal universal ruler") List of Tamil monarchs: Khmer Empire: 802–1431 Devarāja ("Godly ruler") Monarchy of Cambodia ...
Rulers of Calakmul (no actual king-list; must be dug out of text) List of lords of Caracol; List of rulers of Copan; List of the rulers of Dos Pilas; Rulers of Dos Pilas; Kʼicheʼ kingdom of Qʼumarkaj (no actual king-list; must be dug out of history) Rulers of Motul de San José; Rulers of Palenque; List of rulers of Piedras Negras; Rulers of ...
Mongol ruler in the 13th century and Emperor of China; founder of the Yuan Dynasty: 1215 – 1294: Leo I the Thracian: Roman emperor 457 – 474 [16] Llywelyn the Great: King of Gwynedd and de facto ruler of most of Wales 1172 – 1240: Louis I of Hungary: King of Hungary, Croatia, and Poland 1326 – 1382: Lê Thánh Tông
The oldest ruler, whose date of birth is known, is Giovanni Paolo Lascaris. He was Grand Master of the Order of Saint John until his death at the age of 97 years 47 days. The oldest ruler at the time of taking office is Prem Tinsulanonda , who became regent of Thailand at 96 years 97 days old and ruled for several months.
This list includes defunct and extant monarchical dynasties of sovereign and non-sovereign statuses at the national and subnational levels. Monarchical polities each ruled by a single family—that is, a dynasty, although not explicitly styled as such, like the Golden Horde and the Qara Qoyunlu—are included.