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[64] [65] Meanwhile, in Switzerland, from 1554, Conrad Gessner (1516 – 1565) made regular explorations of the Swiss Alps from his native Zurich and discovered many new plants. He proposed that there were groups or genera of plants. He said that each genus was composed of many species and that these were defined by similar flowers and fruits.
Snugli and Weego were invented by nurse and peacekeeper Ann Moore first in the 1960s. Pertussis A pioneering female American doctor, medical researcher and an outspoken voice in the pediatric community, the supercentenarian Leila Alice Denmark (1898–2012) is credited as co-developer of the pertussis (whooping cough) vaccine. [citation needed]
By the 18th century, new plants for study were arriving in Europe in increasing numbers from newly discovered countries and the European colonies worldwide. In 1753, Carl Linnaeus published his Species Plantarum , a hierarchical classification of plant species that remains the reference point for modern botanical nomenclature .
Women were, for the most part, excluded from university education. [1] However, there were some exceptions. The Italian University of Bologna allowed women to attend lectures from its inception, in 1088. [28] The attitude to educating women in medical fields in Italy appears to have been more liberal than in other places.
More formal gardening texts, such as the Geoponika (10th century), were in fact encyclopaedias of accumulated agricultural practices (grafting, watering) and pagan lore (astrology, plant sympathy/antipathy relationships), going back to Hesiod's time. Their repeated publications and translations to other languages well into the 16th century is ...
Cycads were also common, as were ginkgos and tree ferns in the forest. Smaller ferns were probably the dominant undergrowth. Caytoniaceous seed ferns were another group of important plants during this time and are thought to have been shrub to small-tree sized. [16] Ginkgo-like plants were particularly common in the mid- to high northern latitudes.
They were the only two women out of 836 participants. [133] 1901: American Florence Bascom became the first female geologist to present a paper before the Geological Survey of Washington. [139] 1901: Czech botanist and zoologist Marie Zdeňka Baborová-Čiháková became the first woman in the Czech Republic to receive a PhD. [140]
Humans have traded useful plants from distant lands for centuries, and plant hunters have been sent to bring plants back for cultivation. Human agriculture has had two important results: the plants most favoured by humans came to be grown in many places and (2) gardens and farms have provided some opportunities for plants to interbreed that would not have been possible for their wild ancestors.