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It is known as "concentrated nitric acid". The azeotrope of nitric acid and water is a colourless liquid at room temperature. Two solid hydrates are known: the monohydrate HNO 3 ·H 2 O or oxonium nitrate [H 3 O] + [NO 3] − and the trihydrate HNO 3 ·3H 2 O. An older density scale is occasionally seen, with concentrated nitric acid specified ...
Molar concentration or molarity is most commonly expressed in units of moles of solute per litre of solution. [1] For use in broader applications, it is defined as amount of substance of solute per unit volume of solution, or per unit volume available to the species, represented by lowercase c {\displaystyle c} : [ 2 ]
Normality can be used for acid-base titrations. For example, sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4) is a diprotic acid. Since only 0.5 mol of H 2 SO 4 are needed to neutralize 1 mol of OH −, the equivalence factor is: f eq (H 2 SO 4) = 0.5. If the concentration of a sulfuric acid solution is c(H 2 SO 4) = 1 mol/L, then its normality is 2 N. It can also be ...
The pH of a simple solution of an acid in water is determined by both and the acid concentration. For weak acid solutions, it depends on the degree of dissociation, which may be determined by an equilibrium calculation. For concentrated solutions of acids, especially strong acids for which pH < 0, the value is a better measure of acidity than ...
Mixtures of ordinary nitric acid in sulfuric acid therefore contain substantial amounts of water and are unsuitable for processes such as those that occur in the manufacture of trinitrotoluene. The synthesis of RDX and certain other explosives does not require oleum. [10] Anhydrous nitric acid, referred to as white fuming nitric acid, can be ...
Aqua regia (/ ˈ r eɪ ɡ i ə, ˈ r iː dʒ i ə /; from Latin, "regal water" or "royal water") is a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, optimally in a molar ratio of 1:3. [ b ] Aqua regia is a fuming liquid.
Bismuth nitrate can be prepared by the reaction of bismuth metal and concentrated nitric acid. [6]Bi + 4HNO 3 → Bi(NO 3) 3 + 2H 2 O + NO. It dissolves in nitric acid but is readily hydrolysed to form a range of oxynitrates when the pH increases above 0.
Mixture of nitric and acetic acids or nitric acid and acetic anhydride is commercially important in the production of RDX, as amines are destructed by sulfuric acid. Acetyl nitrate had also been used as a nitration agent. [14] [15] In the Wolffenstein–Böters reaction, benzene reacts with nitric acid and mercury(II) nitrate to give picric acid.