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In theories of quantum gravity, the graviton is the hypothetical elementary particle that mediates the force of gravitational interaction. There is no complete quantum field theory of gravitons due to an outstanding mathematical problem with renormalization in general relativity.
The final analysis of the data excluded the possibility of a Higgs boson with a mass between 147 GeV/c 2 and 180 GeV/c 2. In addition, there was a small (but not significant) excess of events possibly indicating a Higgs boson with a mass between 115 GeV/c 2 and 140 GeV/c 2. [100]
In particle physics, a boson (/ ˈ b oʊ z ɒ n / [1] / ˈ b oʊ s ɒ n / [2]) is a subatomic particle whose spin quantum number has an integer value (0, 1, 2, ...). Bosons form one of the two fundamental classes of subatomic particle, the other being fermions, which have odd half-integer spin (1 ⁄ 2, 3 ⁄ 2, 5 ⁄ 2, ...). Every observed ...
The group SU(2) is the group of all 2-by-2 unitary matrices with unit determinant; all the orthonormal changes of coordinates in a complex two dimensional vector space. Rotating the coordinates so that the second basis vector points in the direction of the Higgs boson makes the vacuum expectation value of H the spinor ( 0, v).
Quantum gravity (QG) is a field of theoretical physics that seeks to describe gravity according to the principles of quantum mechanics.It deals with environments in which neither gravitational nor quantum effects can be ignored, [1] such as in the vicinity of black holes or similar compact astrophysical objects, as well as in the early stages of the universe moments after the Big Bang.
The quantum theory of fields (vol 2), by S. Weinberg (Cambridge University Press, 1996) ISBN 0-521-55002-5. Quantum Field Theory in a Nutshell (Second Edition), by A. Zee (Princeton University Press, 2010) ISBN 978-1-4008-3532-4. An Introduction to Particle Physics and the Standard Model, by R. Mann (CRC Press, 2010) ISBN 978-1420082982
More technically, the question is why the Higgs boson is so much lighter than the Planck mass (or the grand unification energy, or a heavy neutrino mass scale): one would expect that the large quantum contributions to the square of the Higgs boson mass would inevitably make the mass huge, comparable to the scale at which new physics appears ...
The bosons are found by adding a partner to each of the 20 charged bosons (2 right-handed W bosons, 6 massive charged gluons and 12 X/Y type bosons) and adding an extra heavy neutral Z-boson to make 5 neutral bosons in total. The boson matrix will have a boson or its new partner in each row and column.