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The best case input is an array that is already sorted. In this case insertion sort has a linear running time (i.e., O(n)).During each iteration, the first remaining element of the input is only compared with the right-most element of the sorted subsection of the array.
find the value (if any) that is bound to a given key. The argument to this operation is the key, and the value is returned from the operation. If no value is found, some lookup functions raise an exception, while others return a default value (such as zero, null, or a specific value passed to the constructor).
A list may contain the same value more than once, and each occurrence is considered a distinct item. A singly-linked list structure, implementing a list with three integer elements. The term list is also used for several concrete data structures that can be used to implement abstract lists, especially linked lists and arrays.
A circular list can be split into two circular lists, in constant time, by giving the addresses of the last node of each piece. The operation consists in swapping the contents of the link fields of those two nodes. Applying the same operation to any two nodes in two distinct lists joins the two list into one.
Python sets are very much like mathematical sets, and support operations like set intersection and union. Python also features a frozenset class for immutable sets, see Collection types. Dictionaries (class dict) are mutable mappings tying keys and corresponding values. Python has special syntax to create dictionaries ({key: value})
WORCESTER, Mass. – Local police in this central Massachusetts city used excessive force and engaged in “outrageous” sexual contact with women during undercover operations, a two-year civil ...
An experimental nasal spray has helped clear toxic protein buildups in the brains of mouse models of Alzheimer's. Its developers believe the spray may help delay Alzheimer's by at least a decade.
A small phone book as a hash table. In computing, a hash table is a data structure that implements an associative array, also called a dictionary or simply map; an associative array is an abstract data type that maps keys to values. [2]