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  2. Optimality model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimality_model

    Optimality is defined as the point where the difference between benefits and costs for a behavior is maximized, which can be done by graphing the benefits and costs on the y-axis and a measure of the behavior on the x-axis. Benefits and costs plotted versus a measure of the behavior. Optimality occurs where the difference for a behavior is ...

  3. Marginal cost - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marginal_cost

    The marginal cost intersects with the average total cost and the average variable cost at their lowest point. Take the [Relationship between marginal cost and average total cost] graph as a representation. Relationship between marginal cost and average total cost. Say the starting point of level of output produced is n.

  4. Deadweight loss - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deadweight_loss

    Consumers with a marginal benefit of between $0.07 and $0.10 per nail would then buy nails, even though their benefit is less than the real production cost of $0.10. The difference between the cost of production and the purchase price then creates the "deadweight loss" to society.

  5. Cost curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_curve

    Typical marginal cost curve. A short-run marginal cost (SRMC) curve graphically represents the relation between marginal (i.e., incremental) cost incurred by a firm in the short-run production of a good or service and the quantity of output produced. This curve is constructed to capture the relation between marginal cost and the level of output ...

  6. Allocative efficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allocative_efficiency

    Allocative Efficiency example . From the graph we can see that at the output of 40, the marginal cost of good is $6 while the price that consumer is willing to pay is $15. It means the marginal utility of the consumer is higher than the marginal cost. The optimal level of the output is 70, where the marginal cost equals to marginal utility.

  7. Profit maximization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profit_maximization

    An example diagram of Profit Maximization: In the supply and demand graph, the output of is the intersection point of (Marginal Revenue) and (Marginal Cost), where =.The firm which produces at this output level is said to maximize profits.

  8. Margin (economics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margin_(economics)

    The marginal cost curve is the marginal cost of an additional unit at each given quantity. The law of diminishing returns states the marginal cost of an additional unit of production for an organisation or business increases as the quantity produced increases. [8] Consequently, the marginal cost curve is an increasing function for large ...

  9. Economic efficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_efficiency

    A market can be said to have allocative efficiency if the price of a product that the market is supplying is equal to the marginal value consumers place on it, and equals marginal cost. In other words, when every good or service is produced up to the point where one more unit provides a marginal benefit to consumers less than the marginal cost ...