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The upside-down (also inverted, turned or rotated) question mark ¿ and exclamation mark ¡ are punctuation marks used to begin interrogative and exclamatory sentences or clauses in Spanish and some languages that have cultural ties with Spain, such as Asturian and Waray. [1]
Ditto mark: Quotation mark: ÷: Division sign: Slash (Solidus) (/), Obelus Dotted circle (Used as a generic placeholder when describing diacritics) Combining Diacritical Marks ⹀ ⸗ Double hyphen: Almost equal to … Ellipsis = Equals sign ℮ Estimated sign! Exclamation mark: Inverted exclamation mark, Interrobang: ª: Feminine ordinal ...
An upside-down interrobang (combining ¿ and ¡, Unicode character: ⸘), suitable for starting phrases in Spanish, Galician and Asturian—which use inverted question and exclamation marks—is called an "inverted interrobang" or a gnaborretni (interrobang spelled backwards), but the latter is rarely used. [17]
In contrast, a character entity reference refers to a character by the name of an entity which has the desired character as its replacement text. The entity must either be predefined (built into the markup language) or explicitly declared in a Document Type Definition (DTD). The format is the same as for any entity reference: &name;
Spanish and Asturian (both of them Romance languages used in Spain) use an inverted question mark ¿ at the beginning of a question and the normal question mark at the end, as well as an inverted exclamation mark ¡ at the beginning of an exclamation and the normal exclamation mark at the end. [23]
Graphically, the exclamation mark is represented by variations on the theme of a period with a vertical line above. One theory of its origin posits derivation from a Latin exclamation of joy, namely io, analogous to "hooray"; copyists wrote the Latin word io at the end of a sentence, to indicate expression of joy.
INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK U+00A1: Po, other Common § SECTION SIGN U+00A7: Po, other Common ¶ PILCROW SIGN U+00B6: Po, other Common · MIDDLE DOT U+00B7: Po, other Common ¿ INVERTED QUESTION MARK U+00BF: Po, other Common ; GREEK QUESTION MARK U+037E: Po, other Common · GREEK ANO TELEIA U+0387: Po, other Common ، ARABIC COMMA U+060C: Po ...
FULLWIDTH QUESTION MARK. [32] The inverted question mark (¿) corresponds to Unicode code-point U+00BF ¿ INVERTED QUESTION MARK (¿), and can be accessed from the keyboard in Microsoft Windows on the default US layout by holding down the Alt and typing either 1 6 8 (ANSI) or 0 1 9 1 (Unicode) on the numeric keypad.