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  2. Estates of the realm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estates_of_the_realm

    During the Middle Ages, advancing to different social classes was uncommon and difficult, and when it did happen, it generally took the form of a gradual increase in status over several generations of a family rather than within a single lifetime. One field in which commoners could appreciably advance within a single lifetime was the Church.

  3. Social mobility - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_mobility

    Illustration from a 1916 advertisement for a vocational school in the back of a US magazine. Education has been seen as a key to social mobility and the advertisement appealed to Americans' belief in the possibility of self-betterment as well as threatening the consequences of downward mobility in the great income inequality existing during the Industrial Revolution.

  4. Commoner - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commoner

    Social mobility for commoners was limited throughout the Middle Ages. Generally, the serfs were unable to enter the group of the bellatores. Commoners could sometimes secure entry for their children into the oratores class; usually they would serve as rural parish priests. In some cases they received education from the clergy and ascended to ...

  5. List of common misconceptions about the Middle Ages

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_common...

    Baruch Spinoza, Bernard Fontenelle, Immanuel Kant, David Hume, Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, Denis Diderot, Voltaire, the Marquis De Sade and Jean-Jacques Rousseau were vocal in attacking the Middle Ages as a period of social regress dominated by religion, and Edward Gibbon in The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire expressed ...

  6. Middle Ages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Ages

    Middle Ages c. AD 500 – 1500 A medieval stained glass panel from Canterbury Cathedral, c. 1175 – c. 1180, depicting the Parable of the Sower, a biblical narrative Including Early Middle Ages High Middle Ages Late Middle Ages Key events Fall of the Western Roman Empire Spread of Islam Treaty of Verdun East–West Schism Crusades Magna Carta Hundred Years' War Black Death Fall of ...

  7. Burgher (social class) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgher_(social_class)

    Portrait of a Burgher (c. 1660) by Lucas Franchoys the Younger. Burgher was a rank or title of a privileged citizen of a medieval to early modern European town. Burghers formed the pool from which city officials could be drawn, [citation needed] and their immediate families that formed the social class of the medieval bourgeoisie.

  8. Crisis of the late Middle Ages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis_of_the_late_Middle_Ages

    The crisis of the Middle Ages was a series of events in the 14th and 15th centuries that ended centuries of European stability during the late Middle Ages. [1] Three major crises led to radical changes in all areas of society: demographic collapse , political instability , and religious upheavals.

  9. English society - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_society

    This social mobility was combined with the fact that peasants could charge much more for their services, and this began a switch from indentured labourer to wage earner, which signalled the decline of the feudal system.