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A diver viewed from below who appears inside of Snell's window. Snell's window (also called Snell's circle [1] or optical man-hole [2]) is a phenomenon by which an underwater viewer sees everything above the surface through a cone of light of width of about 96 degrees. [3]
The glass-bottom boat was invented in 1878 by two men, Hullam Jones and Philip Morrell, in Marion County, Florida.Jones outfitted a dugout canoe with a glass viewing box at the bottom, which allowed tourists to view the clear waters of Silver Springs, Florida. [2]
The windows are themselves dependent upon clouds, water vapor, trace greenhouse gases, and other components of the atmosphere. [8] Out of an average 340 watts per square meter (W/m 2) of solar irradiance at the top of the atmosphere, about 200 W/m 2 reaches the surface via windows, mostly
Atmospheric transmission of radiation Water vapor window with micro-windows visible. Water vapor windows are wavelengths of infrared light that have little absorption by water vapor in Earth's atmosphere. Because of this weak absorption, these wavelengths are allowed to reach the Earth's surface barring effects from other atmospheric components.
Jewish refugees aboard the MS St. Louis look out through the portholes of the ship while docked in the port of Havana. A porthole, sometimes called bull's-eye window or bull's-eye, [1] is a generally circular window used on the hull of ships to admit light and air.
Joseph W. Walker of Malden, Massachusetts, applied for a US patent for a basic louvered window in 1900.He was issued patent no. 687705 on November 26, 1901. [5] A popular hand-cranked glass, aluminum and screen window combination was later designed by American engineer Van Ellis Huff and found widespread use in temperate climates before the advent of air conditioning. [6]
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Although water is nearly transparent in the range of visible light, it becomes absorbing over the near-infrared region. Water is a critical component since its concentration is high in human tissue. The absorption spectrum of water in the range from 250 to 1000 nm is shown in Figure 2.