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Esse has two future infinitives: futurus esse and fore; The future passive infinitive uses the supine with the auxiliary verb īrī. Because the first part is a supine, the ending -um does not change for gender or number. laudātum īrī is translated as "to be going to be praised." This is normally used in indirect speech.
1st conjugation: amātus sum (rarely amātus fuī) 'I was loved' 2nd conjugation: vīsus sum (vīsus fuī) 3rd conjugation (-ō): ductus sum (ductus fuī) 3rd conjugation (-iō): captus sum (captus fuī) 4th conjugation: audītus sum (auditus fuī) The forms with fuī are much less common. These forms are discussed in a separate section below.
The perfect passive is usually made with the perfect participle combined with sum, e.g. missus sum 'I was sent, I have been sent', ductus sum 'I was led, I have been led'. Some perfect tenses have an irregular stem, for example sum, fuī 'I am', eō, īvī 'I go', ferō, tulī 'I bring, I bear', tollō, sustulī 'I raise, I remove'.
First, the "est" in "Carthago delenda est" does not mean "is." When a form of the verb "sum, est, fui, futurus" is used with a future passive participle (i.e., "delenda" from the verb "deleo, delere, delvi, deletus") then the phrase is used to express necessity or a force of action. This construction is called a "passive periphrastic."
Auxiliary paradigms in the futūrum esse future infinitive periphrasis Paradigm Latin example Meaning Comment 'subjunctive present' futūrum esse ut dūcam: future in present 'that I will lead' futūrum esse ut dūcar: future in present 'that I will be led' 'subjunctive imperfect' futūrum esse ut dūcerem: future in past 'that I was going to lead'
esse stāre essere stare être – ser estar ser estar essere istare ser, ésser estar siri stari esser fire, a fi Supine – statum – stato – été sido estado sido estado essidu istadu estat, sigut, sét estat statu statu stà fost Gerund – standum essendo stando – étant siendo estando sendo estando essende istande sent, essent estant
The primary ones are Moris erat Persis ducibus tunc temporis omnem ducere in arma domum, [35] Vestes quas geritis sordida lana fuit, [36] Amatus sum vel fui, [37] Vado Romam que est pulcra civitas, [38] Video centum homines uno minus, [39] Lupus est in fabula, [40] In nostro magistro habet bonum hominem, [41] Margarita est pulcherrimus lapidum ...
And it is also necessary for mode since estō and sīs are the common imperative verbs for sum, esse. And so it goes on and on. One concern should be to learn the inflections. Another concern should be to learn classes of vocabulary items for the ascription of roles to event participants (deponent, semi-deponent, etc.).