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A thread can achieve mutual exclusion either by entering a synchronized block or method, which acquires an implicit lock, [14] [2] or by acquiring an explicit lock (such as the ReentrantLock from the java.util.concurrent.locks package [15]). Both approaches have the same implications for memory behavior.
For ordered access as defined by the java.util.NavigableMap interface, java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentSkipListMap was added in Java 1.6, [1] and implements java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap and also java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentNavigableMap. It is a Skip list which uses Lock-free techniques to make a tree. Performance is O(log(n)).
The number of threads may be dynamically adjusted during the lifetime of an application based on the number of waiting tasks. For example, a web server can add threads if numerous web page requests come in and can remove threads when those requests taper down. [disputed – discuss] The cost of having a larger thread pool is increased resource ...
Use of futures may be implicit (any use of the future automatically obtains its value, as if it were an ordinary reference) or explicit (the user must call a function to obtain the value, such as the get method of java.util.concurrent.Futurein Java). Obtaining the value of an explicit future can be called stinging or forcing. Explicit futures ...
The object pool design pattern is used in several places in the standard classes of the .NET Framework. One example is the .NET Framework Data Provider for SQL Server. As SQL Server database connections can be slow to create, a pool of connections is maintained. Closing a connection does not actually relinquish the link to SQL Server.
The Java programming language is not particularly functional. Despite this, the core JDK package java.util.concurrent includes CopyOnWriteArrayList and CopyOnWriteArraySet which are persistent structures, implemented using copy-on-write techniques. The usual concurrent map implementation in Java, ConcurrentHashMap, is not persistent, however.
With Java 5.0, additional wrapper classes were introduced in the java.util.concurrent.atomic package. These classes are mutable and cannot be used as a replacement for the regular wrapper classes. Instead, they provide atomic operations for addition, increment and assignment. The atomic wrapper classes and their corresponding types are:
java.util.Collection class and interface hierarchy Java's java.util.Map class and interface hierarchy. The Java collections framework is a set of classes and interfaces that implement commonly reusable collection data structures. [1] Although referred to as a framework, it works in a manner of a library. The collections framework provides both ...