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The 1998–1999 Malaysia Nipah virus outbreak occurred from September 1998 to May 1999 in the states of Perak, Negeri Sembilan and Selangor in Malaysia. A total of 265 cases of acute encephalitis with 105 deaths caused by the virus were reported in the three states throughout the outbreak. [ 1 ]
Nipah virus infection is an infection caused by the Nipah virus. Symptoms from infection vary from none to fever , cough, headache, shortness of breath , and confusion. This may worsen into a coma over a day or two, and 50% to 75% of those infected die.
The Nipah virus has been classified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as a Category C agent. [24] Nipah virus is one of several viruses identified by WHO as a potential cause of future epidemics in a new plan developed after the Ebola epidemic for urgent research and development toward new diagnostic tests, vaccines and medicines.
Nipah virus: Nipah virus infection: Under research [30] Norovirus: Norovirus: Based on symptoms Supportive care: Under research [31] PRNP (New) Variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD, nvCJD) No usually Nocardia asteroides and other Nocardia species Nocardiosis: chest x-ray to analyze the lungs, a bronchoscopy, a brain/lung/skin biopsy, or a ...
The index case of the outbreak was reported at a private hospital in Kozhikode district on 5 September, when a 12-year-old boy from Chathamangalam died after testing positive for Nipah virus infection. [49] [50] The new Nipah infection, which spreads through the saliva of fruit bats, came three years after a previous outbreak which claimed 17 ...
Factors which have been identified as impeding the identification of pathogens include the following: 1. Lack of animal models: Experimental infection in animals has been used as a criterion to demonstrate a disease-causing ability, but for some pathogens (such as Vibrio cholerae, which causes disease only in humans), animal models do not exist.
The French doctor Charles Anglada (1809–1878) wrote a book in 1869 on extinct and new diseases. [16] He did not distinguish infectious diseases from others (he uses the terms reactive and affective diseases, to mean diseases with an external or internal cause, more or less meaning diseases with or without an observable external cause).
Exotoxins are also produced by a range of other bacteria including Escherichia coli; Vibrio cholerae (causative agent of cholera); Clostridium perfringens (common causative agent of food poisoning as well as gas gangrene) and Clostridioides difficile (causative agent of pseudomembranous colitis).