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A low code-rate close to zero implies a strong code that uses many redundant bits to achieve a good performance, while a large code-rate close to 1 implies a weak code. The redundant bits that protect the information have to be transferred using the same communication resources that they are trying to protect.
The advantage of choosing a primitive polynomial as the generator for a CRC code is that the resulting code has maximal total block length in the sense that all 1-bit errors within that block length have different remainders (also called syndromes) and therefore, since the remainder is a linear function of the block, the code can detect all 2 ...
The LE ACL logical transport is used with either an LE-C logical link, which carries control data or an LE-U logical link which is for user data. It is based on an LE Active Physical Link and the LE Piconet Physical Channel. See Figure 1. Figure 1 - The LE-ACL logical transport within the Bluetooth data transport architecture
In retransmission and flow control modes, L2CAP can be configured for reliable or asynchronous data per channel by performing retransmissions and CRC checks. Reliability in either of these modes is optionally and/or additionally guaranteed by the lower layer Bluetooth BDR/EDR air interface by configuring the number of retransmissions and flush ...
The actual maximum code rate allowed depends on the error-correcting code used, and may be lower. This is because Shannon's proof was only of existential nature, and did not show how to construct codes that are both optimal and have efficient encoding and decoding algorithms.
For instance, SATA revision 3.0 (6 Gbit/s) controllers on one PCI Express 2.0 (5 Gbit/s) channel will be limited to the 5 Gbit/s rate and have to employ more channels to get around this problem. Early implementations of new protocols very often have this kind of problem.
Pits and lands are the depressions (0.12 μm deep) and flat segments constituting the binary data along the track (0.6 μm width). [8] The CD process can be abstracted as a sequence of the following sub-processes: Channel encoding of source of signals
DragonFly BSD has had NetBSD's Bluetooth implementation since 1.11 (2008), first released with DragonFly BSD § 1.12. [8]A netgraph-based implementation from FreeBSD has also been available in the tree since 2008, dating to an import of Netgraph from the FreeBSD 7 timeframe into DragonFly, but was possibly disabled until 2014-11-15, and may still require more work.