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It is a very thin, black-blue line visible along the margin of the gums, at the base of the teeth. [1] [2] It is caused by the reaction between circulating lead and sulphur ions produced by oral bacteria, forming deposits of lead sulfide in the gums. [3] The sign was described in 1840 by Henry Burton: [4]
Smoker's melanosis is seen with the naked eye as a brown to black pigmentation of the oral tissue i.e. the gums, [1] cheeks or palate [2] as well as in larynx. [3] [4] It is most often seen in the lower labial gingiva of tobacco users. Most easily it is found in Caucasians, due to their lack of a genetically caused melanin pigmentation. [5] [6]
Usually, bismuth produces a black line, due to bismuth sulfide, along the gums, near the teeth, similar to the Burton's line which can be found in lead poisoning. This is not likely to occur if the gum is edentulous or the gum and the teeth normal. It is more common when gingivitis and carious teeth are present.
When it comes to maintaining your health, you may be overlooking one of the most important parts of your body: your mouth. Gum disease is the most common oral disease, with studies estimating that ...
[43] [44] A blue line along the gum with bluish black edging to the teeth, known as a Burton line, is another indication of chronic lead poisoning. [45] Children with chronic poisoning may refuse to play or may have hyperkinetic or aggressive behavior disorders. [35]
The model has four different brush modes, including clean, white, gum health, and deep clean. The 9300 series is priced slightly lower than the Oral-B Pro Series iO 9 at $199.99, though certain ...
Gongylonema pulchrum was first named and presented with its own species by Molin in 1857. The first reported case was in 1850 by Dr. Joseph Leidy, when he identified a worm "obtained from the mouth of a child" from the Philadelphia Academy (however, an earlier case may have been treated in patient Elizabeth Livingstone in the seventeenth century [2]).
Art historians say Leonardo da Vinci hid an optical illusion in the Mona Lisa's face: she doesn't always appear to be smiling. There's question as to whether it was intentional, but new research ...