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This includes homogenous, high-attenuation (60–70 Hounsfield units [3]) lesions less than 3 cm with sharp margins but without enhancement. Hyperdense cysts must be exophytic with at least 75 percent of its wall outside the kidney to allow for appropriate assessment of margins, otherwise they are categorized as IIF.
Angiomyolipoma seen as a hyperechoic mass in the upper pole of an adult kidney on renal ultrasonography. Renal ultrasonography of a person with tuberous sclerosis and multiple angiomyolipomas in the kidney: Measurement of kidney length on the US image is illustrated by '+' and a dashed line. CT scan of a renal angiomyolipoma.
The most frequent, malignant, primary kidney cancer is renal cell carcinoma (RCC) - which has several subtypes: Clear cell RCC, an epithelial cell tumour of the kidney that accounts for 65-70% of all RCCs. [5] Papillary RCC, a renal tumour that accounts for 10-15% of all RCCs. Males are 1.5 times as likely to develop this type of tumour than ...
Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) is a malignant, heterogeneous tumor originating from renal tubular epithelial cells of the kidney, which comprises approximately 10-15% of all kidney neoplasms. [1] Based on its morphological features, PRCC can be classified into two main subtypes, which are type 1 and type 2 (eosinophilic). [2]
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD or PCKD, also known as polycystic kidney syndrome) is a genetic disorder [5] [6] in which the renal tubules become structurally abnormal, resulting in the development and growth of multiple cysts within the kidney. [7] These cysts may begin to develop in utero, in infancy, in childhood, or in adulthood. [8]
Taken as a whole, if the disease is limited to the kidney, only 20–30% develop metastatic disease after nephrectomy. [110] More specific subsets show a five-year survival rate of around 90–95% for tumors less than 4 cm. For larger tumors confined to the kidney without venous invasion, survival is still relatively good at 80–85%.
In terms of cause, almost any condition that involves ischemia can lead to renal papillary necrosis. A mnemonic for the causes of renal papillary necrosis is POSTCARDS: pyelonephritis, obstruction of the urogenital tract, sickle cell disease, tuberculosis, cirrhosis of the liver, analgesia/alcohol use disorder, renal vein thrombosis, diabetes mellitus, and systemic vasculitis. [3]
CT scan of 11 cm Wilms' tumor of right kidney in 13-month-old. The majority of people with Wilms' tumor present with an asymptomatic abdominal mass which is noticed by a family member or healthcare professional. [18] Renal tumors can also be found during routine screening in children who have known predisposing clinical syndromes. [18]