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The inferior processes or postzygapophysis project downward from a higher vertebra, and their articular surfaces are directed more or less forward and outward. The articular surfaces are coated with hyaline cartilage. In the cervical vertebral column, the articular processes collectively form the articular pillars. These are the bony surfaces ...
The zygosphene sits between the prezygapophysis in the neural arch, whereas the zygantrum sits between the postzygapophysis. [2] This joint is found in snakes, lacertids, teiids, Gymnophthalmids as well as in some iguanids and cordylids. [3] It is also found in several fossil groups such as plesiosaurians, nothosaurians and pachypleurosaurians. [4]
This would cause the vertebrae to effectively fall apart once the muscles begin to rot and the body decomposes or gets buried. The anterior articular processes (prezygapophysis) are notably wider than the posterior articular processes (postzygapophysis) in the neck and first thoracic vertebrae, but more similar size in the following trunk ...
According to a 2022 study by Anne E. Kort, members of grandorder Ferungulata, in addition to their genetic similarities, share common synapomorphy in the lumbar vertebrae (the S-shaped postzygapophysis). In extant ferungulate mammals, this is known only within members of order Artiodactyla.
The hyposphene usually consists of a vertical ridge and is situated below the postzygapophysis, whereas the hypantrum is situated between the prezygapophysis. In sauropods, this joint is extremely variable. [1] [3]
Neck reconstructions of Sigilmassasaurus (top) and Baryonyx. The validity of Sigilmassaurus, however, did not go unchallenged shortly after it was named.In 1996, Paul Sereno and colleagues described a Carcharodontosaurus skull (SGM-Din-1) from Morocco, as well as a neck vertebra (SGM-Din-3) which resembled that of "Spinosaurus B," which they therefore synonymized with Carcharodontosaurus. [12]
A third fossa is located at the rear portion of the vertebra. It too is obscured from the side, this time by the centropostzygapophyseal lamina which connects each postzygapophysis to the rear portion of the centrum. Each of the third fossae connects to a pair of large internal cavities which lie adjacent to the canal for the spinal cord.
When viewed from the side, the hind end of this vertebra shows a developed left postzygapophysis, and the convex articular condyle (the condyle that connected with the following vertebra) and left postexapophysial process (which connected with the preexapophys at the front of the preceding vertebra) is in front of it, all lying in the same ...