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Electron beam CT scanners are considered a fifth generation CT scanner, with first generation being the pencil beam with translation and rotation, second generation being a fan beam with similar motion to its predecessor, third generation having both rotating fan beam and detectors and fourth generation being a fan beam with a rotating movement but fixed detector.
Some national radiation advisory authorities, including those of Austria, [59] France, [60] Germany, [61] and Sweden, [62] have recommended measures to minimize exposure to their citizens. Examples of the recommendations are: Use hands-free to decrease the radiation to the head. Keep the mobile phone away from the body.
A medical radiographic exposure is always initiated by a human operator but an AEC detector system may be used to terminate the exposure when a predetermined amount of radiation has been received. [1] The intention of AEC is to provide consistent x-ray image exposure, whether to film, a digital detector or a CT scanner.
A hand-held surgical probe is an essential component of any image-guided surgery system as it provides the surgeon with a map of the designated area. [8] During the surgical procedure, the IGS tracks the probe position and displays the anatomy beneath it as, for example, three orthogonal image slices on a workstation-based 3D imaging system.
Cone beam CT using kilovoltage X-rays (as used for diagnostic, rather than therapeutic purposes) attached to a linear accelerator treatment machine was first developed in the late 1990s and early 2000s. [7] Such systems have since become common on latest generation linacs. [8]
Most radiation therapy is planned using the results of a 3D CT scan. A 3D scan largely presents a snapshot of the body at a particular point in time, however due to the time of the acquisition, in which the patient is likely to have moved in some way (even if only breathing), there will be an element of blurring or averaging in the 3D scan. [ 6 ]
David Clark Company, Inc. (DCC) is an American manufacturing company.DCC designs and manufactures a wide variety of aerospace and industrial protective equipment, including pressure-space suit systems, anti-G suits, headsets, and several medical/safety products.
This form of radiation treatment uses computers and linear accelerators to sculpt a three-dimensional radiation dose map, specific to the target's location, shape and motion characteristics. Because of the level of precision required for IMRT , detailed data must be gathered about tumour locations.