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The criteria were reformulated in 1967 to use kinematic viscosity in centiStokes and the cold-cranking simulator. The 15W grade was added December 1975. [11] [19] In 1980, 0W and 25W grades were added, and a low-temperature pumpability test. Grade 60 was re-added in 1987. HTHS viscosity was added in 1992. [19] Grade 16 was added in 2013.
where U is the oil's kinematic viscosity at 40 °C (104 °F), Y is the oil's kinematic viscosity at 100 °C (212 °F), and L and H are the viscosities at 40 °C for two hypothetical oils of VI 0 and 100 respectively, having the same viscosity at 100 °C as the oil whose VI we are trying to determine.
Consequently, if a liquid has dynamic viscosity of n centiPoise, and its density is not too different from that of water, then its kinematic viscosity is around n centiStokes. For gas, the dynamic viscosity is usually in the range of 10 to 20 microPascal-seconds, or 0.01 to 0.02 centiPoise. The density is usually on the order of 0.5 to 5 kg/m^3.
The grades include single grades, such as SAE 30, and also multi-grades such as SAE 15W-30. A multi-grade consists of a winter grade specifying the viscosity at cold temperatures and a non-winter grade specifying the viscosity at operating temperatures. An engine oil using a polymeric viscosity index improver (VII) must be classified as multi ...
The dilute gas viscosity contribution becomes important when the zero density limit (i.e. zero pressure limit) is approached. It is also very common to scale the dense fluid viscosity by the critical viscosity, or by an estimate of the critical viscosity, which is a characteristic point far into the dense fluid region.
ETFs vs. index funds: How they are different. ETFs and index funds present a few differences that investors need to be aware of. Where to buy. If you invest in a 401(k) ...
melting point [2] 10 1: 1300 working point: 10 3: 950-1000 sink point: 10 3.22: flow point: 10 4 ... a glass-forming liquid is called strong if its viscosity ...
Common greases are in the range 1 through 3. Those with a NLGI No. of 000 to 1 are used in low viscosity applications. Examples include enclosed gear drives operating at low speeds and open gearing. Grades 0, 1 and 2 are used in highly loaded gearing. Grades 1 through 4 are often used in rolling contact bearings. Greases with a higher number ...