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Perfect plasticity is a property of materials to undergo irreversible deformation without any increase in stresses or loads. Plastic materials that have been hardened by prior deformation, such as cold forming, may need increasingly higher stresses to deform further. Generally, plastic deformation is also dependent on the deformation speed, i.e ...
A property having a fixed value for a given material or substance is called material constant or constant of matter. [1] (Material constants should not be confused with physical constants, that have a universal character.) A material property may also be a function of one or more independent variables, such as temperature. Materials properties ...
When plastic products are recycled, it is highly likely that the additives will be integrated into the new products. Plastic waste, even if it is all of the same polymer type, will contain varying types and amounts of additives. Mixing these together can give a material with inconsistent properties, which can be unappealing to industry.
Plastic deformation of a thin metal sheet. Flow plasticity is a solid mechanics theory that is used to describe the plastic behavior of materials. [1] Flow plasticity theories are characterized by the assumption that a flow rule exists that can be used to determine the amount of plastic deformation in the material.
Mesomorphic states: States of matter intermediate between solid and liquid. Plastic crystal: A molecular solid with long-range positional order but with constituent molecules retaining rotational freedom. Liquid crystal: Properties intermediate between liquids and crystals. Generally, able to flow like a liquid but exhibiting long-range ...
Plastic crystals were discovered in 1938 by Belgian chemist Jean Timmermans [4] by their anomalously low entropy of fusion.He found that organic substances having an entropy of fusion lower than approximately 17 J·K −1 ·mol −1 (~2R, where R is the molar gas constant) had peculiar properties.
The exact mechanisms that control electroplasticity vary based on the material and the exact conditions (e.g., temperature, strain rate, grain size, etc.). Enhancing the plasticity of materials is of great practical interest as plastic deformation provides an efficient way of transforming raw materials into final products.
A naturally malleable metal can be made stronger by impeding the mechanisms of plastic deformation (reducing grain size, precipitation hardening, work hardening, etc.), but if this is taken to an extreme, fracture becomes the more likely outcome, and the material can become brittle. Improving material toughness is, therefore, a balancing act.