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4-Hydroxyphenylglycine (HPG) is a non-proteogenic amino acid found in vancomycin and related glycopeptides. HPG is synthesized from the shikimic acid pathway and requires four enzymes to synthesize: [ 1 ] Both L - and D -HPG are used in the vancomycin class of antibiotics.
Phenylglycine is the organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 CH(NH 2)CO 2 H. It is a non-proteinogenic alpha amino acid related to alanine, but with a phenyl group in place of the methyl group. It is a white solid. The compound exhibits some biological activity. [1]
In enzymology, a 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate synthase (HMB-PP synthase, IspG, EC 1.17.7.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate + protein-dithiol ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate + H 2 O + protein-disulfide
HPPD also catalyzes the conversion of phenylpyruvate to 2-hydroxyphenylacetate and the conversion of α-ketoisocaproate to β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate. [2] [3] HPPD is an enzyme that is found in nearly all aerobic forms of life. [4] This reaction shows the conversion of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate into homogentisate by HPPD.
In enzymology, a 4-hydroxyproline epimerase (EC 5.1.1.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction trans -4-hydroxy-L-proline ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } cis -4-hydroxy-D-proline Hence, this enzyme has one substrate , trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline , and one product , cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline .
4-Hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl glucoside beta-D-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.182, DIMBOAGlc hydrolase, DIMBOA glucosidase) is an enzyme with systematic name (2R)-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl beta-D-glucopyranoside beta-D-glucosidase.
3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG, MOPEG) is a metabolite of norepinephrine degradation.In the brain, it is the principal norepinephrine metabolite. It is released into the blood and cerebrospinal fluid, [1] and a blood sample of it may therefore be an indication of recent sympathetic nervous system activity.
In enzymology, a 4-hydroxy-tetrahydrodipicolinate reductase (EC 1.17.1.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate + NAD(P) + + H 2 O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } (2S,4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate + NAD(P)H + H +