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Some viruses can "hide" within a cell, which may mean that they evade the host cell defenses or immune system and may increase the long-term "success" of the virus. This hiding is deemed latency. During this time, the virus does not produce any progeny, it remains inactive until external stimuli—such as light or stress—prompts it to activate.
It is the first step of viral replication. Some viruses attach to the cell membrane of the host cell and inject its DNA or RNA into the host to initiate infection. Attachment to a host cell is often achieved by a virus attachment protein that extends from the protein shell (), of a virus.
Cat flu is the common name for a feline upper respiratory disease, which can be caused by one or more possible pathogens: Feline herpes virus, causing feline viral rhinotracheitis (cat common cold; this is the disease most associated with the "cat flu" misnomer), Feline calicivirus, Bordetella bronchiseptica (cat kennel cough), or
Two key processes that influenza viruses evolve through are antigenic drift and antigenic shift. Antigenic drift is when an influenza virus' antigens change due to the gradual accumulation of mutations in the antigen's (HA or NA) gene. [19] This can occur in response to evolutionary pressure exerted by the host immune response. Antigenic drift ...
Feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR) is an upper respiratory or pulmonary infection of cats caused by Feline herpesvirus, also called Feline herpesvirus 1 (FeHV-1), of the family Herpesviridae. It is also commonly referred to as feline influenza , feline coryza , and feline pneumonia but, as these terms describe other very distinct collections of ...
Influenza A viruses are further classified, based on the viral surface proteins hemagglutinin (HA or H) and neuraminidase (NA or N). 18 HA subtypes (or serotypes) and 11 NA subtypes of influenza A virus have been isolated in nature. Among these, the HA subtype 1-16 and NA subtype 1-9 are found in wild waterfowl and shorebirds and the HA ...
Cats with avian influenza exhibit symptoms that can result in death. The avian influenza viruses cats may get include H5N1 or H7N2, [ 1 ] notable pathogenic subtypes of the virus. In order to get the virus, a cat would need to be in contact with infected waterfowl, poultry, or uncooked poultry. [ 2 ]
Viral evolution is a subfield of evolutionary biology and virology that is specifically concerned with the evolution of viruses. [1] [2] Viruses have short generation times, and many—in particular RNA viruses—have relatively high mutation rates (on the order of one point mutation or more per genome per round of replication).