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The Grand Calumet River is a 13.0-mile-long (20.9 km) [3] river that flows primarily into Lake Michigan. Originating in Miller Beach in Gary , it flows through the cities of Gary, East Chicago and Hammond , as well as Calumet City and Burnham on the Illinois side.
The Calumet River, on the south side of Chicago, originally simply drained Lake Calumet to Lake Michigan. A canal extending it, legendarily claimed to have been created by voyageurs at the site of a frequent portage, was dug connecting the two Calumet Rivers at the point where the name now changes from Grand to Little.
The name Calumet is said to come from French interpretations of either the Potawatomi name for the rivers and lake in question (“low body of deep, still water”) [8] or is a corruption of the Old French term Chalemel, which means "reed". The word appears on early maps as Cal-La-Mick, Kil-La-Mick, Calumic, etc. [1]
Galena River; Grand Calumet River; Great Miami River; Greenville Creek; Iroquois River; Jackson Creek (Monroe County) Kankakee River; Little Blue River (Perry and Crawford counties) Little Blue River (Shelby, Rush and Henry counties) Little Calumet River; Little Elkhart River; Little Flatrock River; Little Kankakee River; Little Pigeon Creek
The location of the new lock and dam 7 miles (11 km) upstream from the old controlling works at Blue Island was chosen to improve the ability to control backflow events into the lake during heavy storms from the polluting industries along the Grand Calumet River and Little Calumet River and the outfall of the Calumet Water Reclamation Plant. [5]
The middle of the three Grand Calumet Lagoons in Miller Beach. The lagoons mark the former mouth and modern-day headwaters of the Grand Calumet River. [74] This varied landscape of dunes and wetlands is the legacy of fluctuations in Lake Michigan and the Grand Calumet River since the last ice age.
In 1903, work began on a canal that would eventually linking the Indiana Harbor inland to both the Grand Calumet River and Lake George. Over the next several years, many industries were established there. [4] In 1914, the federal government assumed responsibility for Indiana Harbor and the canal.
The Illinois Waterway system consists of 336 miles (541 km) of navigable water from the mouth of the Calumet River at Chicago to the mouth of the Illinois River at Grafton, Illinois. Based primarily on the Illinois River , it is a system of rivers, lakes, and canals that provide a commercial shipping connection from the Great Lakes to the Gulf ...