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In linguistics, a comparative illusion (CI) or Escher sentence [a] is a comparative sentence which initially seems to be acceptable but upon closer reflection has no well-formed, sensical meaning. The typical example sentence used to typify this phenomenon is More people have been to Russia than I have .
In the 1960s, work in the generative tradition assumed that semantics was interpretive in the sense that the meaning of a sentence was computed on the basis of its syntactic structure rather than the other way around. In these approaches, syntactic structures were generated by rules stated in terms of syntactic structure alone, with no ...
The Gödel sentence of the theory is a formula , sometimes denoted , such that proves ↔ (#). Gödel's proof shows that if T {\displaystyle T} is consistent then it cannot prove its Gödel sentence; but in order to show that the negation of the Gödel sentence is also not provable, it is necessary to add a stronger assumption that the ...
The following is an example of a pure imperative inference: P1. Do both of the following: wash the dishes and clean your room! C1. Therefore, clean your room! In this case, all the sentences making up the argument are imperatives. Not all imperative inferences are of this kind. Consider again: P1. Take all the books off the table! P2.
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Relevance logic, also called relevant logic, is a kind of non-classical logic requiring the antecedent and consequent of implications to be relevantly related. They may be viewed as a family of substructural or modal logics.
Scrambling is a syntactic phenomenon wherein sentences can be formulated using a variety of different word orders without a substantial change in meaning. Instead the reordering of words, from their canonical position, has consequences on their contribution to the discourse (i.e., the information's "newness" to the conversation).
Perhaps the best-known example of a penthouse principle effect is the distribution of subject-auxiliary inversion in constituent questions in English, which in many (but not all) varieties of English is restricted to matrix clauses: (1) a. What can Sam do about it? b. I'll find out what Sam can do about it. Compare: (2) a. *What Sam can do ...