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C# is a language in which the null object pattern can be properly implemented. This example shows animal objects that display sounds and a NullAnimal instance used in place of the C# null keyword. The null object provides consistent behaviour and prevents a runtime null reference exception that would occur if the C# null keyword were used instead.
The original form of the pattern, appearing in Pattern Languages of Program Design 3, [2] has data races, depending on the memory model in use, and it is hard to get right. Some consider it to be an anti-pattern. [3] There are valid forms of the pattern, including the use of the volatile keyword in Java and explicit memory barriers in C++. [4]
This pattern can be implemented in several ways depending on the host programming language, such as the singleton design pattern, object-oriented static members in a class and procedural global functions. In Python, the pattern is built into the language, and each .py file is automatically a module.
This allows C#, unlike Java, to support objects with encapsulation that are not reference types. In Java, compound types are synonymous with reference types; methods cannot be defined for a type unless it is also a class reference type. In C# the concepts of encapsulation and methods have been decoupled from the reference requirement so that a ...
In computer programming, lazy initialization is the tactic of delaying the creation of an object, the calculation of a value, or some other expensive process until the first time it is needed.
Object class, the ultimate base class of all objects. This class contains the most common methods shared by all objects. Some of these are virtual and can be overridden. Classes inherit System. Object either directly or indirectly through another base class. Members Some of the members of the Object class: Equals - Supports comparisons between ...
In Java, the multiton pattern can be implemented using an enumerated type, with the values of the type corresponding to the instances. In the case of an enumerated type with a single value, this gives the singleton pattern. In C#, we can also use enums, as the following example shows:
An example of the application of marker interfaces from the Java programming language is the Serializable interface: package java.io ; public interface Serializable { } A class implements this interface to indicate that its non- transient data members can be written to an ObjectOutputStream .