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Researchers have investigated the relationship between race and genetics as part of efforts to understand how biology may or may not contribute to human racial categorization. Today, the consensus among scientists is that race is a social construct, and that using it as a proxy for genetic differences among populations is misleading. [1] [2]
[15] [97] [98] Some of those who are critical of race as a biological concept see race as socially meaningful group that is important to study epidemiologically in order to reduce disparities. [99] For example, some racial groups are less likely than others to receive adequate treatment for osteoporosis, even after risk factors have been assessed.
The term race in biology is used with caution because it can be ambiguous. Generally, when it is used it is effectively a synonym of subspecies. [79] (For animals, the only taxonomic unit below the species level is usually the subspecies; [80] there are narrower infraspecific ranks in botany, and race does not
As of October 2019, American Indian and Alaska Native people who are born today have a life expectancy of 73 years, compared to the 78.5 years for the general American population. [7] The Indian Health Service (IHS) is a federal agency committed to serving the health needs of American Indian and Alaska Native populations.
Skepticism towards the validity of scientific racism grew during the interwar period, [10] and by the end of World War II, scientific racism in theory and action was formally denounced, especially in UNESCO's early antiracist statement, "The Race Question" (1950): "The biological fact of race and the myth of 'race' should be distinguished. For ...
At its core, it encourages discussions of race and racism in all of its complexities, from our country’s difficult history to the ripple effect that history still has on our world today ...
Ian Haney López, the John H. Boalt Professor of Law at the University of California, Berkeley [29] explains ways race is a social construct. He uses examples from history of how race was socially constructed and interpreted. One such example was of the Hudgins v. Wright case. A slave woman sued for her freedom and the freedom of her two ...
In biological taxonomy, race is an informal rank in the taxonomic hierarchy for which various definitions exist. Sometimes it is used to denote a level below that of subspecies, while at other times it is used as a synonym for subspecies. [1] It has been used as a higher rank than strain, with several strains making up one race.