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  2. Hypernatremia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypernatremia

    Severe symptoms are usually due to acute elevation of the plasma sodium concentration to above 157 mmol/L [10] (normal blood levels are generally about 135–145 mmol/L for adults and elderly). [10] Values above 180 mmol/L are associated with a high mortality rate, particularly in adults. [11] However, such high levels of sodium rarely occur ...

  3. Hyponatremia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyponatremia

    Normally, when mild hyponatremia begins to occur, that is, the serum sodium begins to fall below 135 mEq/L, there is no secretion of ADH, and the kidney stops returning water to the body from the kidney tubule. Also, no thirst is experienced. These two act in concert to raise the serum sodium to the normal range. [30] [31] [32]

  4. Reference ranges for blood tests - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_ranges_for_blood...

    Reference ranges (reference intervals) for blood tests are sets of values used by a health professional to interpret a set of medical test results from blood samples. Reference ranges for blood tests are studied within the field of clinical chemistry (also known as "clinical biochemistry", "chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry"), the ...

  5. Salt poisoning - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_poisoning

    Death results by the swelling of the brain against the skull. (Normal serum sodium levels are 135–145 mEq/liter (135–145 mmol/L). Severe symptoms typically only occur when levels are above 160 mEq/L.) The human renal system actively regulates sodium chloride in the blood within a very narrow range around 9 g/L (0.9% by weight). [citation ...

  6. Sodium in biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_in_biology

    The average daily excretion of sodium is between 40 and 220 mEq. [13] Normal serum sodium levels are between approximately 135 and 145 mEq/L (135 to 145 mmol/L). A serum sodium level of less than 135 mEq/L qualifies as hyponatremia, which is considered severe when the serum sodium level is below 125 mEq/L. [14] [15]

  7. Health effects of salt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_salt

    Low sodium intake level was a mean of <115 mmol (2645 mg), usual sodium intake was 115-215 mmol (2645–4945 mg), and a high sodium intake was >215 mmol (4945 mg), concluding: "Both low sodium intakes and high sodium intakes are associated with increased mortality, consistent with a U-shaped association between sodium intake and health outcomes".

  8. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndrome_of_inappropriate...

    This keeps serum sodium concentration – a proxy for solute concentration – at normal levels, prevents hypernatremia and turns off the osmoreceptors. [7] Specifically, when the serum sodium rises above 142 mEq/L, ADH secretion is maximal (and thirst is stimulated as well); when it is below 135 mEq/L, there is no secretion. [8]

  9. Reference range - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_range

    The standard definition of a reference range for a particular measurement is defined as the interval between which 95% of values of a reference population fall into, in such a way that 2.5% of the time a value will be less than the lower limit of this interval, and 2.5% of the time it will be larger than the upper limit of this interval, whatever the distribution of these values.

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