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The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a well-known questionnaire for scoring depression based on all three aspects of the triad. Other examples include the Beck Hopelessness Scale [14] for measuring thoughts about the future and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale [15] for measuring views of the self. The Cognitive Triad Inventory (CTI) was ...
Beck developed a triad of negative cognitions about the world, the future, and the self, which play a major role in depression. An example of the triad in action taken from Brown (1995) is the case of a student obtaining poor exam results: The student has negative thoughts about the world, so he may come to believe he does not enjoy the class.
Some depression rating scales are completed by patients. The Beck Depression Inventory, for example, is a 21-question self-report inventory that covers symptoms such as irritability, fatigue, weight loss, lack of interest in sex, and feelings of guilt, hopelessness or fear of being punished. [11]
The GCM is an update of Beck's model that proposes that mental disorders can be differentiated by the nature of their dysfunctional beliefs. [14] The GCM includes a conceptual framework and a clinical approach for understanding common cognitive processes of mental disorders while specifying the unique features of the specific disorders.
In 1974, Aaron T. Beck, Arlene Weissman, David Lester and Larry Trexler published a "hopelessness scale". [33] In 1976, Beck released Beck's cognitive triad. [34] This triad posits the importance of "automatic, spontaneous and seemingly uncontrollable negative thoughts" about the self, the world/environment, and the future. [35]
The CDI is a 27-item scale that is self-rated and symptom-oriented. [1] The assessment is now in its second edition. [2] [3] The 27 items on the assessment are grouped into five major factor areas. [1] Clients rate themselves based on how they feel and think, with each statement being identified with a rating from 0 to 2. [1]
The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is a formative assessment and rating scale of anxiety. This self-report inventory , or 21-item questionnaire uses a scale (social sciences) ; the BAI is an ordinal scale ; more specifically, a Likert scale that measures the scale quality of magnitude of anxiety.
Aaron Temkin Beck (July 18, 1921 – November 1, 2021) was an American psychiatrist who was a professor in the department of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania. [1] [2] He is regarded as the father of cognitive therapy [1] [2] [3] and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). [4]